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Celâl Bayar
Türkiye Büyük Millet Meclisi Arşivi (TBMM) · Public domain
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Celâl Bayar

3rd President of the Republic of Turkey (1883–1986)

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Mahmut Celâlettin "Celâl" Bayar (16 May 1883 – 22 August 1986) was a Turkish economist and politician who was the president of Turkey from 1950 to 1960. He previously served as the prime minister of Turkey from 1937 to 1939.

Quick facts

Born
wd
Place of birth
Umurbey wd
Died
wd
Place of death
Istanbul wd
Citizenship
Turkey, Ottoman Empire wd
Occupation
politician wd
Political party
Democrat Party, Republican People's Party, Committee of Union and Progress wd
Spouse
Reşide Bayar wd

Positions held wd

  • President of Turkey (27 May 1950 – 27 May 1960)
  • Prime Minister of Turkey (11 November 1938 – 25 January 1939)
  • Prime Minister of Turkey (1 November 1937 – 11 November 1938)
  • member of the Grand National Assembly of Turkey

Awards wd

  • Grand Cross Special Class of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany (1954)
  • Knight Grand Cross with Collar of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic
  • Medal of Independence

About

Bayar was an ally of Talât's in the Committee of Union and Progress, establishing its İzmir and Bursa branches. He organized the 1914 Greek deportations. Following the declaration of the Republic, he founded much of Turkey's early financial institutions, including the country's first bank, İş Bankası. An advocate of liberal economic policies, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk appointed Bayar prime minister in 1937 to liberalize the economy, until he resigned in 1939 under Atatürk's successor -and his political rival- İsmet İnönü.

Until 1945, he was a member of Republican People's Party (CHP) which was the sole legal party. In 1946, he founded the center-right Democrat Party along with Adnan Menderes, Fuat Köprülü and Refik Koraltan. This began Turkey's multiparty period, which still goes on to this day. A peaceful transfer of power from the CHP to DP happened in the 1950 elections, after which Bayar was elected president. He was re-elected in 1954 and 1957, serving for 10 years as president. In that period, Menderes was his prime minister. Close relations were established with the Western Bloc, and in 1952 Turkey joined NATO. He was criticized for supporting the DP's illegal actions as head of state.

Bayar was overthrown in the 1960 coup d'etat. He was prosecuted for treason in the Yassıada trials for encouraging authoritarianism and corruption as president. He was given the death penalty, but due to his advanced age his sentence was commuted to life-imprisonment. He was released in 1966 after a general amnesty to former DP members. He advocated for the restoration of rights of former politicians associated with the Democrat Party following his…

Questions

When was Celâl Bayar born?
Celâl Bayar was born on 16 May 1883 in Umurbey.
What positions has Celâl Bayar held?
Positions held by Celâl Bayar include: President of Turkey (1950–1960); Prime Minister of Turkey (1938–1939); Prime Minister of Turkey (1937–1938); member of the Grand National Assembly of Turkey.

Sources

  1. Wikipedia (English): Celâl Bayar · CC BY-SA 4.0
  2. Wikidata item Q151735 · CC0 1.0
  3. Image: Celal Bayar (Cropped).jpg by Türkiye Büyük Millet Meclisi Arşivi (TBMM) (Public domain)

Last updated · facts checked 7 November 2026

Cite this page

"Celâl Bayar". DigiNepal. Last updated 1 November 2026. https://diginpl.com/people/celal-bayar. Retrieved 7 November 2026.

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Text from the Wikipedia article Celâl Bayar, licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0. This page's text is shared under the same licence. Facts from Wikidata (CC0). Image: Celal Bayar (Cropped).jpg — Türkiye Büyük Millet Meclisi Arşivi (TBMM), Public domain.

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