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Urinary tract infection (cystitis)

General health information, not a diagnosis. In an emergency, call 102. Always consult a qualified health professional.

SmartAnalysis by DigiNepal SI

The urinary system is the body's drainage system for removing wastes and extra water. It includes two kidneys, two ureters, a bladder, and a urethra. Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are the second most common type of infection in the body. generated by SI from cited sources · general information, not a diagnosis · consult a health professional

Sources: SI, NLM MedlinePlus, CDC · Reference · https://medlineplus.gov/urinarytractinfections.html; https://www.cdc.gov/uti/; https://www.mayoclinic.org/search/search-results?q=Urinary%20tract%20infection; Guideline: IDSA 2011 uncomplicated cystitis guideline, EAU 2024 urological infections, NICE NG109

What it is

The urinary system is the body's drainage system for removing wastes and extra water. It includes two kidneys, two ureters, a bladder, and a urethra. Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are the second most common type of infection in the body.

Sources: SI, NLM MedlinePlus, CDC · Reference · MedlinePlus (US NLM) · US CDC · Mayo Clinic

Symptoms

Burning when passing urine, passing urine often, lower belly pain, cloudy urine.

Sources: SI, NLM MedlinePlus, CDC · Reference · MedlinePlus (US NLM) · US CDC · Mayo Clinic

Causes

Bacteria entering the urinary tract; more common in women.

Sources: SI, NLM MedlinePlus, CDC · Reference · MedlinePlus (US NLM) · US CDC · Mayo Clinic

When to seek care

EMERGENCY, go now: high fever with back or side pain, vomiting, confusion in older people. See a clinician for urine symptoms, and always in pregnancy.

Sources: SI, NLM MedlinePlus, CDC · Reference · MedlinePlus (US NLM) · US CDC · Mayo Clinic

Diagnosis

Urine dipstick and urine culture.

Sources: SI, NLM MedlinePlus, CDC · Reference · MedlinePlus (US NLM) · US CDC · Mayo Clinic

Care & treatment

Antibiotics prescribed by a clinician; drink enough fluids. No dosing information is given here.

Sources: SI, NLM MedlinePlus, CDC · Reference · MedlinePlus (US NLM) · US CDC · Mayo Clinic

Prevention

Drink enough water, do not hold urine, hygiene.

Sources: SI, NLM MedlinePlus, CDC · Reference · MedlinePlus (US NLM) · US CDC · Mayo Clinic

Clinical guideline

IDSA 2011 uncomplicated cystitis guideline, EAU 2024 urological infections, NICE NG109

Sources: SI, NLM MedlinePlus, CDC · Reference · MedlinePlus (US NLM) · US CDC · Mayo Clinic

⚠️ Red-flag signs — seek urgent care

📞 Call 102

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Text: SI summary in its own words (CC BY 4.0) with NLM MedlinePlus public-domain summary; facts checked against WHO fact sheets (CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO, paraphrased with attribution) and Mayo Clinic (linked reference only, no text used); ICD-10 and labels from Wikidata (CC0).

Emergency — call📞 102