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This plant is unsafe. It is listed here for information only and must never be used as a medicine or remedy — it can cause serious harm or death.
Raw seeds, bark and leaves are poisonous; use only processed extract.
ℹ️ Informational only. Do not stop prescribed treatment; seek emergency care when needed.
evidence_summary: Some evidence for chronic venous insufficiency symptoms. generated by SI from cited sources · general information, not a diagnosis · consult a health professional
Sources: SI summary (own words); NCCIH Herbs at a Glance; FDA and CDC advisories; NLM MedlinePlus (NLM-authored only) · Reference · Reference · Reference · Reference
Some evidence for chronic venous insufficiency symptoms.
Safety: Raw seeds, bark and leaves are poisonous; use only processed extract.
Quality concerns: Some Ayurvedic rasa shastra and bhasma products deliberately contain metals; US FDA and CDC have reported lead poisoning cases, and studies found lead, mercury or arsenic in a share of products sold online.
Processed seed extract.
Varicose veins and leg swelling.
Some evidence for chronic venous insufficiency symptoms.
Raw seeds, bark and leaves are poisonous; use only processed extract.
Some Ayurvedic rasa shastra and bhasma products deliberately contain metals; US FDA and CDC have reported lead poisoning cases, and studies found lead, mercury or arsenic in a share of products sold online.
Blood thinners, diabetes medicines.
kidney or liver disease, pregnancy
Herbal products in Nepal are registered with the Department of Drug Administration (DDA). Nepal: the Department of Ayurveda and Alternative Medicine (DoAA, Ministry of Health and Population) runs government Ayurveda hospitals and clinics; practitioners register with the Nepal Ayurveda Medical Council. Ask to see the council registration.
India: the Ministry of AYUSH regulates Ayurveda, Yoga and Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha, Sowa Rigpa and Homoeopathy; practitioners register with the National Commission for Indian System of Medicine (NCISM) or the National Commission for Homoeopathy (NCH).
UAE: complementary and alternative medicine practitioners and products need licensing by the emirate health authority (DHA in Dubai, DoH in Abu Dhabi, MOHAP elsewhere). Check the licence on the authority's public register.
Sources: SI summary (own words); NCCIH Herbs at a Glance; FDA and CDC advisories; NLM MedlinePlus (NLM-authored only) · Reference · Reference · Reference · Reference
AlifZetta text CC BY 4.0 (own words). NCCIH, FDA and CDC are US government works (public domain), used as references.