माता व शिशु

WHO recommends at least 8 antenatal contacts, starting in the first 12 weeks. Nepal's programme provides free check-ups, iron and folic acid, deworming, Td vaccine and incentives for 4 or more visits and for delivery at a health facility.

Start breastfeeding within the first hour after birth. Give only breast milk (no water, honey or other drinks) for the first 6 months, then add other foods and continue breastfeeding to 2 years or beyond.

Typical milestones (CDC): about 2 months smiles at people; 4 months holds head steady; 6 months rolls and reaches for toys; 9 months sits without support; 12 months pulls to stand and says a word like mama; 18 months walks alone; 2 years says two-word phrases; 3 years talks in short sentences. Talk to a health worker if a child loses skills or is clearly behind.

Free methods in Nepal's government facilities include condoms, pills, injectables (Depo), implants, IUCD, and permanent methods (vasectomy, minilap). A health worker helps choose a method that suits you.

Children under 2 are weighed regularly at health facilities and outreach clinics; poor weight gain is an early warning of illness or malnutrition. Ask for the growth chart in the child health card.

Mother and baby should be checked within 24 hours, on day 3, and around day 7 to 14 after birth. Danger signs in the mother: heavy bleeding, fever, foul discharge, severe headache, fits, breathing difficulty, or thoughts of self-harm.