{"id":"zviad-gamsakhurdia","type":"person","url":"https://diginpl.com/people/zviad-gamsakhurdia","language":"en","name":"Zviad Gamsakhurdia","name_en":"Zviad Gamsakhurdia","name_ne":null,"description":"Georgian politician, dissident and writer, first President of Georgia (1991–1992)","headline":"Georgian politician, dissident and writer, first President of Georgia (1991–1992)","also_known_as":[],"summary":"Zviad Konstantines dze Gamsakhurdia was a Georgian politician, human rights activist, dissident, professor of English language studies and American literature at Tbilisi State University, and writer who became the first democratically elected President of Georgia in May 1991. He was posthumously awarded the title and Order of National Hero of Georgia in 2013.","summary_more":[],"facts":[{"key":"born","label":"Born","values":[{"text":"31 March 1939","date":"1939-03-31"}],"source":{"label":"Wikidata","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q218435#P569"}},{"key":"birthplace","label":"Place of birth","values":[{"text":"Tbilisi","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q994"}],"source":{"label":"Wikidata","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q218435#P19"}},{"key":"died","label":"Died","values":[{"text":"31 December 1993","date":"1993-12-31"}],"source":{"label":"Wikidata","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q218435#P570"}},{"key":"deathplace","label":"Place of death","values":[{"text":"Dzveli Khibula","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16378594"}],"source":{"label":"Wikidata","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q218435#P20"}},{"key":"citizenship","label":"Citizenship","values":[{"text":"Soviet Union","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15180"},{"text":"Georgia","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q230"}],"source":{"label":"Wikidata","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q218435#P27"}},{"key":"occupation","label":"Occupation","values":[{"text":"politician","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82955"},{"text":"translator","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333634"},{"text":"literary historian","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13570226"},{"text":"philologist","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13418253"},{"text":"literary critic","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4263842"},{"text":"writer","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36180"}],"source":{"label":"Wikidata","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q218435#P106"}},{"key":"party","label":"Political party","values":[{"text":"Round Table—Free Georgia","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12867161"}],"source":{"label":"Wikidata","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q218435#P102"}},{"key":"education","label":"Education","values":[{"text":"Tbilisi State University","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37008"}],"source":{"label":"Wikidata","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q218435#P69"}},{"key":"spouse","label":"Spouse","values":[{"text":"Manana Archvadze-Gamsakhurdia","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q92934553"},{"text":"Dali Lolua","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q108709562"}],"source":{"label":"Wikidata","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q218435#P26"}},{"key":"positions","label":"Positions held","values":[{"text":"President of Georgia (14 April 1991 – 6 January 1992)","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q843405","start":"1991-04-14","end":"1992-01-06"},{"text":"Chairperson of the Parliament of Georgia (14 November 1990 – 14 April 1991)","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3652076","start":"1990-11-14","end":"1991-04-14"}],"source":{"label":"Wikidata","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q218435#P39"}},{"key":"awards","label":"Awards","values":[{"text":"Order of National Hero","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q94039"}],"source":{"label":"Wikidata","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q218435#P166"}}],"office":null,"sections":[],"cited":[],"cited_from":null,"videos":[],"last_reviewed":null,"organizations":[],"same_as":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zviad_Gamsakhurdia","https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q218435"],"faq":[{"q":"When was Zviad Gamsakhurdia born?","a":"Zviad Gamsakhurdia was born on 31 March 1939 in Tbilisi."},{"q":"What positions has Zviad Gamsakhurdia held?","a":"Positions held by Zviad Gamsakhurdia include: President of Georgia (1991–1992); Chairperson of the Parliament of Georgia (1990–1991)."},{"q":"Where did Zviad Gamsakhurdia study?","a":"Zviad Gamsakhurdia was educated at Tbilisi State University."}],"related":[{"name":"Salomé Zourabichvili","url":"https://diginpl.com/people/salome-zourabichvili"},{"name":"Eduard Shevardnadze","url":"https://diginpl.com/people/eduard-shevardnadze"},{"name":"Nino Burjanadze","url":"https://diginpl.com/people/nino-burjanadze"},{"name":"Mikheil Kavelashvili","url":"https://diginpl.com/people/mikheil-kavelashvili"},{"name":"Giorgi Margvelashvili","url":"https://diginpl.com/people/giorgi-margvelashvili"},{"name":"Mikheil Saakashvili","url":"https://diginpl.com/people/mikheil-saakashvili"}],"places_in":[],"nearby":[],"image":{"url":"https://diginpl.com/kb-img/zviad-gamsakhurdia-c00ea988b9.jpg","width":231,"height":340,"license":"Public domain","credit":"George barateli by George Barateli in 1989","page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Zviad_Gamsakhurdia,_Tbilisi,_1988.jpg"},"sources":[{"label":"Wikipedia (English): Zviad Gamsakhurdia","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zviad_Gamsakhurdia","license":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/"},{"label":"Wikidata item Q218435","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q218435","license":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/"},{"label":"Image: Zviad Gamsakhurdia, Tbilisi, 1988.jpg by George barateli by George Barateli in 1989 (Public domain)","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Zviad_Gamsakhurdia,_Tbilisi,_1988.jpg","license":null}],"license":{"text":"CC BY-SA 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","facts":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/"},"attribution":"Text from the Wikipedia article Zviad Gamsakhurdia, licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0. This page's text is shared under the same licence. Facts from Wikidata (CC0). Image: Zviad Gamsakhurdia, Tbilisi, 1988.jpg — George barateli by George Barateli in 1989, Public domain.","cite":"\"Zviad Gamsakhurdia\". DigiNepal. Last updated 8 November 2026. https://diginpl.com/people/zviad-gamsakhurdia. Retrieved 14 November 2026.","date_modified":"2026-11-08T18:30:29Z","facts_checked":"2026-11-14","alternates":{"html":"https://diginpl.com/people/zviad-gamsakhurdia","en":"https://diginpl.com/people/zviad-gamsakhurdia","ne":null}}