{"id":"pope-innocent-x","type":"person","url":"https://diginpl.com/people/pope-innocent-x","language":"en","name":"Pope Innocent X","name_en":"Pope Innocent X","name_ne":null,"description":"Pope from 1644 to 1655","headline":"Pope from 1644 to 1655","also_known_as":[],"summary":"Pope Innocent X (7 May 1574 – 7 January 1655; born Giovanni Battista Pamphili), was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 15 September 1644 to his death.","summary_more":["Born in Rome of a family from Gubbio in Umbria who had come to Rome during the pontificate of Pope Innocent IX, Pamphili was trained as a lawyer and graduated from the Collegio Romano. He followed a conventional cursus honorum, following his uncle Girolamo Pamphili as auditor of the Rota, and like him, attaining the position of cardinal-priest of Sant'Eusebio. Before becoming pope, Pamphili served as a papal diplomat to Naples, France, and Spain.","Pamphili succeeded Pope Urban VIII (1623–44) on 15 September 1644 as Pope Innocent X, after a contentious papal conclave that featured a rivalry between French and Spanish factions.","Innocent X was one of the most politically shrewd pontiffs of the era, greatly increasing the temporal power of the Holy See. Major political events in which he was involved included the English Civil War, conflicts with French church officials over financial fraud issues, and hostilities with the Duchy of Parma related to the First War of Castro.","In theology, Innocent X issued a papal bull condemning the beliefs of Jansenism."],"facts":[{"key":"born","label":"Born","values":[{"text":"6 May 1574","date":"1574-05-06"}],"source":{"label":"Wikidata","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101266#P569"}},{"key":"birthplace","label":"Place of birth","values":[{"text":"Rome","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220"}],"source":{"label":"Wikidata","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101266#P19"}},{"key":"died","label":"Died","values":[{"text":"7 January 1655","date":"1655-01-07"}],"source":{"label":"Wikidata","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101266#P570"}},{"key":"deathplace","label":"Place of death","values":[{"text":"Rome","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220"}],"source":{"label":"Wikidata","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101266#P20"}},{"key":"citizenship","label":"Citizenship","values":[{"text":"Papal States","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170174"}],"source":{"label":"Wikidata","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101266#P27"}},{"key":"occupation","label":"Occupation","values":[{"text":"Catholic priest","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q250867"},{"text":"diplomat","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193391"}],"source":{"label":"Wikidata","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101266#P106"}},{"key":"education","label":"Education","values":[{"text":"Pontifical Gregorian University","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q467025"}],"source":{"label":"Wikidata","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101266#P69"}},{"key":"positions","label":"Positions held","values":[{"text":"Pope (15 September 1644 – 7 January 1655)","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19546","start":"1644-09-15","end":"1655-01-07"},{"text":"Camerlengo of the Sacred College of Cardinals (1643–1644)","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1813197","start":"1643","end":"1644"},{"text":"cardinal (since 30 August 1627)","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45722","start":"1627-08-30"},{"text":"apostolic Nuncio to Spain (30 May 1626 – 1 March 1630)","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q89029169","start":"1626-05-30","end":"1630-03-01"},{"text":"Latin Patriarch of Antioch (since 19 January 1626)","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q102045989","start":"1626-01-19"},{"text":"Apostolic Nuncio to the Kingdom of Naples (1621–1625)","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q110600507","start":"1621-03-26","end":"1625-03"}],"source":{"label":"Wikidata","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101266#P39"}}],"office":null,"sections":[],"cited":[],"cited_from":null,"videos":[],"last_reviewed":null,"organizations":[],"same_as":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Innocent_X","https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101266"],"faq":[{"q":"When was Pope Innocent X born?","a":"Pope Innocent X was born on 6 May 1574 in Rome."},{"q":"What positions has Pope Innocent X held?","a":"Positions held by Pope Innocent X include: Pope (1644–1655); Camerlengo of the Sacred College of Cardinals (1643–1644); cardinal (since 30 August 1627); apostolic Nuncio to Spain (1626–1630); Latin Patriarch of Antioch (since 19 January 1626)."},{"q":"Where did Pope Innocent X study?","a":"Pope Innocent X was educated at Pontifical Gregorian University."}],"related":[{"name":"Pope Telesphorus","url":"https://diginpl.com/people/pope-telesphorus"},{"name":"Pope Gregory XIII","url":"https://diginpl.com/people/pope-gregory-xiii"},{"name":"Pope Clement VII","url":"https://diginpl.com/people/pope-clement-vii"},{"name":"Pope Pius I","url":"https://diginpl.com/people/pope-pius-i"},{"name":"Pope Boniface I","url":"https://diginpl.com/people/pope-boniface-i"},{"name":"Pope Agapetus I","url":"https://diginpl.com/people/pope-agapetus-i"},{"name":"Pope Innocent VIII","url":"https://diginpl.com/people/pope-innocent-viii"},{"name":"Pope Innocent XI","url":"https://diginpl.com/people/pope-innocent-xi"},{"name":"Pope Marcellus II","url":"https://diginpl.com/people/pope-marcellus-ii"},{"name":"Pope Paul II","url":"https://diginpl.com/people/pope-paul-ii"},{"name":"Pope Paul IV","url":"https://diginpl.com/people/pope-paul-iv"},{"name":"Pope Hormisdas","url":"https://diginpl.com/people/pope-hormisdas"}],"places_in":[],"nearby":[],"image":{"url":"https://diginpl.com/kb-img/pope-innocent-x-f2e4102898.jpg","width":500,"height":600,"license":"Public domain","credit":"Matthieu.lett.ube","page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Diego_Vel%C3%A1zquez,_Portrait_du_pape_Innocent_X,_1650,_huile_sur_toile,_140_%C3%97_120_cm,_Rome,_Galleria_Doria_Pamphilj_(inv._237).jpg"},"sources":[{"label":"Wikipedia (English): Pope Innocent X","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Innocent_X","license":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/"},{"label":"Wikidata item Q101266","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101266","license":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/"},{"label":"Image: Diego Velázquez, Portrait du pape Innocent X, 1650, huile sur toile, 140 × 120 cm, Rome, Galleria Doria Pamphilj (inv. 237).jpg by Matthieu.lett.ube (Public domain)","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Diego_Vel%C3%A1zquez,_Portrait_du_pape_Innocent_X,_1650,_huile_sur_toile,_140_%C3%97_120_cm,_Rome,_Galleria_Doria_Pamphilj_(inv._237).jpg","license":null}],"license":{"text":"CC BY-SA 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","facts":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/"},"attribution":"Text from the Wikipedia article Pope Innocent X, licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0. This page's text is shared under the same licence. Facts from Wikidata (CC0). Image: Diego Velázquez, Portrait du pape Innocent X, 1650, huile sur toile, 140 × 120 cm, Rome, Galleria Doria Pamphilj (inv. 237).jpg — Matthieu.lett.ube, Public domain.","cite":"\"Pope Innocent X\". DigiNepal. Last updated 3 November 2026. https://diginpl.com/people/pope-innocent-x. Retrieved 5 November 2026.","date_modified":"2026-11-03T06:43:32Z","facts_checked":"2026-11-05","alternates":{"html":"https://diginpl.com/people/pope-innocent-x","en":"https://diginpl.com/people/pope-innocent-x","ne":"https://diginpl.com/people/pope-innocent-x?lang=ne"}}