{"id":"paul-j-crutzen","type":"person","url":"https://diginpl.com/people/paul-j-crutzen","language":"en","name":"Paul J. Crutzen","name_en":"Paul J. Crutzen","name_ne":null,"description":"Dutch climatologist (1933–2021)","headline":"Dutch climatologist (1933–2021)","also_known_as":[],"summary":"Paul Jozef Crutzen (Dutch pronunciation: [pʌul ˈjoːzəf ˈkrʏtsə(n)]; 3 December 1933 – 28 January 2021) was a Dutch meteorologist and atmospheric chemist. In 1995, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry alongside Mario Molina and Frank Sherwood Rowland for their work on atmospheric chemistry and specifically for his efforts in studying the formation and decomposition of atmospheric ozone. In addition to studying the ozone layer and climate change, he popularized the term Anthropocene to describe a proposed new epoch in the Quaternary period when human actions have a drastic effect on the Earth. He was also amongst the first few scientists to introduce the idea of a nuclear winter to describe the potential climatic effects stemming from large-scale atmospheric pollution including smoke from forest fires, industrial exhausts, and other sources like oil fires.","summary_more":["He was a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences and an elected foreign member of the Royal Society in the United Kingdom."],"facts":[{"key":"born","label":"Born","values":[{"text":"3 December 1933","date":"1933-12-03"}],"source":{"label":"Wikidata","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q135139#P569"}},{"key":"birthplace","label":"Place of birth","values":[{"text":"Amsterdam","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727"}],"source":{"label":"Wikidata","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q135139#P19"}},{"key":"died","label":"Died","values":[{"text":"28 January 2021","date":"2021-01-28"}],"source":{"label":"Wikidata","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q135139#P570"}},{"key":"deathplace","label":"Place of death","values":[{"text":"Mainz","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1720"}],"source":{"label":"Wikidata","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q135139#P20"}},{"key":"citizenship","label":"Citizenship","values":[{"text":"Kingdom of the Netherlands","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q29999"},{"text":"Germany","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183"}],"source":{"label":"Wikidata","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q135139#P27"}},{"key":"occupation","label":"Occupation","values":[{"text":"chemist","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q593644"},{"text":"engineer","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81096"},{"text":"university teacher","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1622272"},{"text":"climatologist","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1113838"},{"text":"academic administrator","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21281706"},{"text":"meteorologist","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2310145"}],"source":{"label":"Wikidata","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q135139#P106"}},{"key":"education","label":"Education","values":[{"text":"Stockholm University","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221645","end":"1973"},{"text":"Ignatius Gymnasium","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2042382"}],"source":{"label":"Wikidata","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q135139#P69"}},{"key":"awards","label":"Awards","values":[{"text":"Leo Szilard Lectureship Award","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21659514","date":"1985"},{"text":"Tyler Prize for Environmental Achievement","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1892257","date":"1989"},{"text":"Volvo Environment Prize","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7941307","date":"1991"},{"text":"Max Planck Research Award","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1912039","date":"1994"},{"text":"German Environmental Prize","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q241344","date":"1994"},{"text":"Nobel Prize in Chemistry","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44585","date":"1995"},{"text":"Commander of the Order of the Netherlands Lion","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2248337","date":"1996-04-26"},{"text":"honorary doctorate of University of Burgundy","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q117250955","date":"1997-07-17"},{"text":"honorary doctorate from Joseph Fourier University","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126416278","date":"2005-01-01"},{"text":"Foreign Member of the Royal Society","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14906020","date":"2006"},{"text":"honorary doctor of Ca' Foscari University of Venice","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96781938","date":"2010"},{"text":"Lomonosov Gold Medal","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1340199","date":"2019"},{"text":"Humboldt Research Fellowship","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28854612"},{"text":"Knight Commander's Cross of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10905235"},{"text":"honorary doctor of Tel Aviv University","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42310166"}],"source":{"label":"Wikidata","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q135139#P166"}}],"office":null,"sections":[],"cited":[],"cited_from":null,"videos":[],"last_reviewed":null,"organizations":[],"same_as":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_J._Crutzen","https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q135139"],"faq":[{"q":"When was Paul J. Crutzen born?","a":"Paul J. Crutzen was born on 3 December 1933 in Amsterdam."},{"q":"Where did Paul J. Crutzen study?","a":"Paul J. Crutzen was educated at Stockholm University, Ignatius Gymnasium."}],"related":[{"name":"Ben Feringa","url":"https://diginpl.com/people/ben-feringa"},{"name":"Christiaan Eijkman","url":"https://diginpl.com/people/christiaan-eijkman"},{"name":"Frits Zernike","url":"https://diginpl.com/people/frits-zernike"},{"name":"Gerard 't Hooft","url":"https://diginpl.com/people/gerard-t-hooft"},{"name":"Heike Kamerlingh Onnes","url":"https://diginpl.com/people/heike-kamerlingh-onnes"},{"name":"Martinus J. G. Veltman","url":"https://diginpl.com/people/martinus-j-g-veltman"},{"name":"Nicolaas Bloembergen","url":"https://diginpl.com/people/nicolaas-bloembergen"},{"name":"Nikolaas Tinbergen","url":"https://diginpl.com/people/nikolaas-tinbergen"},{"name":"Simon van der Meer","url":"https://diginpl.com/people/simon-van-der-meer"},{"name":"Frederik Jacobus Johannes Buytendijk","url":"https://diginpl.com/people/frederik-jacobus-johannes-buytendijk"}],"places_in":[],"nearby":[],"image":{"url":"https://diginpl.com/kb-img/paul-j-crutzen-b5f9a4712f.jpg","width":500,"height":686,"license":"CC BY 3.0","credit":"Teemu Rajala","page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Paul_Crutzen.jpg"},"sources":[{"label":"Wikipedia (English): Paul J. Crutzen","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_J._Crutzen","license":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/"},{"label":"Wikidata item Q135139","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q135139","license":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/"},{"label":"Image: Paul Crutzen.jpg by Teemu Rajala (CC BY 3.0)","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Paul_Crutzen.jpg","license":null}],"license":{"text":"CC BY-SA 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","facts":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/"},"attribution":"Text from the Wikipedia article Paul J. Crutzen, licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0. This page's text is shared under the same licence. Facts from Wikidata (CC0). Image: Paul Crutzen.jpg — Teemu Rajala, CC BY 3.0.","cite":"\"Paul J. Crutzen\". DigiNepal. Last updated 31 October 2026. https://diginpl.com/people/paul-j-crutzen. Retrieved 6 November 2026.","date_modified":"2026-10-31T12:00:53Z","facts_checked":"2026-11-05","alternates":{"html":"https://diginpl.com/people/paul-j-crutzen","en":"https://diginpl.com/people/paul-j-crutzen","ne":"https://diginpl.com/people/paul-j-crutzen?lang=ne"}}