{"id":"niels-bohr","type":"person","url":"https://diginpl.com/people/niels-bohr","language":"en","name":"Niels Bohr","name_en":"Niels Bohr","name_ne":"निल बोर","description":"Danish physicist (1885–1962)","headline":"Danish physicist (1885–1962)","also_known_as":[],"summary":"Niels Henrik David Bohr (; Danish: [ˈne̝ls ˈpoɐ̯ˀ]; 7 October 1885 – 18 November 1962) was a Danish theoretical physicist who made foundational contributions to understanding atomic structure and quantum theory, for which he received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1922. He was also a philosopher and a promoter of scientific research.","summary_more":["Bohr developed the Bohr model of the atom, in which he proposed that energy levels of electrons are discrete and that the electrons revolve in stable orbits around the atomic nucleus but can jump from one energy level (or orbit) to another. Although the Bohr model has been supplanted by other models, its underlying principles remain valid. He conceived the principle of complementarity: that items could be separately analysed in terms of contradictory properties, like behaving as a wave or a stream of particles. The notion of complementarity dominated Bohr's thinking in both science and philosophy.","Bohr founded the Institute of Theoretical Physics at the University of Copenhagen, now known as the Niels Bohr Institute, which opened in 1920. Bohr mentored and collaborated with physicists including Hans Kramers, Oskar Klein, George de Hevesy, and Werner Heisenberg. He predicted the properties of a new zirconium-like element, which was named hafnium, after the Latin name for Copenhagen, where it was discovered. Later, the synthetic element bohrium was named after him because of his groundbreaking work on the structure of atoms.","During the 1930s, Bohr helped refugees from Nazism. After Denmark was occupied by the Germans, he met with Heisenberg, who had become the head of the German nuclear weapon project. In September 1943 word reached Bohr that he was about to be arrested by the Germans, so he fled to Sweden. From there, he was flown to Britain, where he joined the British Tube Alloys nuclear weapons project, and was part of the British…"],"facts":[{"key":"born","label":"Born","values":[{"text":"7 October 1885","date":"1885-10-07"}],"source":{"label":"Wikidata","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7085#P569"}},{"key":"birthplace","label":"Place of birth","values":[{"text":"Copenhagen","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1748"}],"source":{"label":"Wikidata","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7085#P19"}},{"key":"died","label":"Died","values":[{"text":"18 November 1962","date":"1962-11-18"}],"source":{"label":"Wikidata","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7085#P570"}},{"key":"deathplace","label":"Place of death","values":[{"text":"Copenhagen","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1748"}],"source":{"label":"Wikidata","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7085#P20"}},{"key":"citizenship","label":"Citizenship","values":[{"text":"Kingdom of Denmark","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q756617"}],"source":{"label":"Wikidata","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7085#P27"}},{"key":"occupation","label":"Occupation","values":[{"text":"university teacher","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1622272"},{"text":"nuclear physicist","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16742096"},{"text":"philosopher of science","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16389557"},{"text":"association football player","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q937857"},{"text":"chemist","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q593644"},{"text":"physicist","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q169470"}],"source":{"label":"Wikidata","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7085#P106"}},{"key":"education","label":"Education","values":[{"text":"University of Copenhagen","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186285","start":"1903","end":"1911"},{"text":"Trinity College","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q332342"},{"text":"University of Cambridge","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35794"}],"source":{"label":"Wikidata","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7085#P69"}},{"key":"spouse","label":"Spouse","values":[{"text":"Margrethe Bohr","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q22231147"}],"source":{"label":"Wikidata","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7085#P26"}},{"key":"positions","label":"Positions held","values":[{"text":"professor (since 1916)","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121594","start":"1916"}],"source":{"label":"Wikidata","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7085#P39"}},{"key":"awards","label":"Awards","values":[{"text":"Nobel Prize in Physics","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38104","date":"1922"},{"text":"Franklin Medal","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3141777","date":"1926"},{"text":"Order of the Elephant","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q976544","date":"1947"},{"text":"Atoms for Peace Award","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q757645","date":"1957"},{"text":"Pour le Mérite for Sciences and Arts order","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15056034","date":"1954"},{"text":"Niels Bohr International Gold Medal","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7031462","date":"1955"},{"text":"Copley Medal","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28003","date":"1938"},{"text":"Faraday Lectureship Prize","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1994574","date":"1930"},{"text":"Max Planck Medal","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q317038","date":"1930"},{"text":"Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Falcon","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20638310","date":"1951"},{"text":"Hughes Medal","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844872","date":"1921"},{"text":"Helmholtz Medal","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1562616","date":"1961"},{"text":"Matteucci Medal","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1419938","date":"1923"},{"text":"Honorary doctor of the University of Zagreb","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41799198"},{"text":"honorary doctorate of Technion","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q51025493"}],"source":{"label":"Wikidata","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7085#P166"}}],"office":null,"sections":[],"cited":[],"cited_from":null,"videos":[],"last_reviewed":null,"organizations":[],"same_as":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niels_Bohr","https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0","https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7085"],"faq":[{"q":"When was Niels Bohr born?","a":"Niels Bohr was born on 7 October 1885 in Copenhagen."},{"q":"What positions has Niels Bohr held?","a":"Positions held by Niels Bohr include: professor (since 1916)."},{"q":"Where did Niels Bohr study?","a":"Niels Bohr was educated at University of Copenhagen, Trinity College, University of Cambridge."}],"related":[{"name":"Alexander Graham Bell","url":"https://diginpl.com/people/alexander-graham-bell"},{"name":"C. K. Prahalad","url":"https://diginpl.com/people/c-k-prahalad"},{"name":"Nazar Al Baharna","url":"https://diginpl.com/people/nazar-al-baharna"},{"name":"Arjun Narasingha KC","url":"https://diginpl.com/people/arjun-narasingha-kc"},{"name":"Masatoshi Koshiba","url":"https://diginpl.com/people/masatoshi-koshiba"},{"name":"Rolf M. Zinkernagel","url":"https://diginpl.com/people/rolf-m-zinkernagel"}],"places_in":[],"nearby":[],"image":{"url":"https://diginpl.com/kb-img/niels-bohr-60e2478b9d.jpg","width":500,"height":704,"license":"Public domain","credit":"The American Institute of Physics credits the photo [1] to AB Lagrelius & Westphal , which is the Swedish company used by the Nobel Foundation for most photos of its book series Les Prix Nobel .","page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Niels_Bohr.jpg"},"sources":[{"label":"Wikipedia (English): Niels Bohr","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niels_Bohr","license":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/"},{"label":"Wikipedia (Nepali): निल बोर","url":"https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0","license":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/"},{"label":"Wikidata item Q7085","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7085","license":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/"},{"label":"Image: Niels Bohr.jpg by The American Institute of Physics credits the photo [1] to AB Lagrelius & Westphal , which is the Swedish company used by the Nobel Foundation for most photos of its book series Les Prix Nobel . (Public domain)","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Niels_Bohr.jpg","license":null}],"license":{"text":"CC BY-SA 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","facts":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/"},"attribution":"Text from the Wikipedia article Niels Bohr, licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0. This page's text is shared under the same licence. Facts from Wikidata (CC0). Image: Niels Bohr.jpg — The American Institute of Physics credits the photo [1] to AB Lagrelius & Westphal , which is the Swedish company used by the Nobel Foundation for most photos of its book series Les Prix Nobel ., Public domain.","cite":"\"Niels Bohr\". DigiNepal. Last updated 1 November 2026. https://diginpl.com/people/niels-bohr. Retrieved 5 November 2026.","date_modified":"2026-11-01T06:28:46Z","facts_checked":"2026-11-05","alternates":{"html":"https://diginpl.com/people/niels-bohr","en":"https://diginpl.com/people/niels-bohr","ne":"https://diginpl.com/people/niels-bohr?lang=ne"}}