# Mustafa Kemal Atatürk

_Founding father of the Republic of Turkey (c. 1881–1938)_

Canonical: https://diginpl.com/people/mustafa-kemal-ataturk
Last updated: 2026-10-19

> Mustafa Kemal Atatürk was a Turkish field marshal and statesman who was the founder of the Republic of Turkey and served as its first president from 1923 until his death in 1938. He led sweeping reforms, turning Turkey into an industrialising nation. Ideologically a republican, secularist, and nationalist, his policies and socio-political theories became known as Kemalism. Atatürk's personality cult and the Kemalist historiography developed around it have had significant and ongoing influences on Turkey's political culture and historical narrative.

## Quick facts

- **Born:** 1881 ([Wikidata](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5152#P569))
- **Place of birth:** Thessaloniki ([Wikidata](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5152#P19))
- **Died:** 10 November 1938 ([Wikidata](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5152#P570))
- **Place of death:** Dolmabahçe Palace ([Wikidata](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5152#P20))
- **Citizenship:** Turkey; Ottoman Empire ([Wikidata](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5152#P27))
- **Occupation:** politician; statesperson; writer; revolutionary; army officer; military officer ([Wikidata](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5152#P106))
- **Political party:** Republican People's Party (1923–1938); Ottoman Liberal People's Party (1918–1919); Committee of Union and Progress (1907–1918) ([Wikidata](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5152#P102))
- **Education:** Turkish Military Academy; Monastir Military High School; Ottoman Military College; Şemsi Efendi School ([Wikidata](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5152#P69))
- **Spouse:** Latife Uşşakî ([Wikidata](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5152#P26))
- **Positions held:** President of Turkey (29 October 1923 – 10 November 1938); Chairman of the Cabinet of the Executive Ministers of Turkey (3 May 1920 – 24 January 1921); Prime Minister of Turkey (3 May 1920 – 24 January 1921); member of the Grand National Assembly of Turkey; president ([Wikidata](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5152#P39))
- **Awards:** Order of Saint Alexander; Medal of Independence; Liakat Medal; Gallipoli Star; Imtiyaz Medal; Iron Cross; Military Merit Cross III. Class; Bronze Military Merit Medal; Silver Military Merit Medal; 1st Class Order of the Crown; 1st class, Order of the Medjidie; 2nd class, Order of the Medjidie; 5th class, Order of the Medjidie; Order of Osmanieh 2nd Class; Order of Osmanieh 3rd Class ([Wikidata](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5152#P166))

## Questions

**When was Mustafa Kemal Atatürk born?**  
Mustafa Kemal Atatürk was born on 1881 in Thessaloniki.

**What positions has Mustafa Kemal Atatürk held?**  
Positions held by Mustafa Kemal Atatürk include: President of Turkey (1923–1938); Chairman of the Cabinet of the Executive Ministers of Turkey (1920–1921); Prime Minister of Turkey (1920–1921); member of the Grand National Assembly of Turkey; president.

**Where did Mustafa Kemal Atatürk study?**  
Mustafa Kemal Atatürk was educated at Turkish Military Academy, Monastir Military High School, Ottoman Military College, Şemsi Efendi School.

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## Sources

- [Wikipedia (English): Mustafa Kemal Atatürk](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mustafa_Kemal_Atat%C3%BCrk) — [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)
- [Wikipedia (Nepali): कमाल अतातुर्क](https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95) — [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)
- [Wikidata item Q5152](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5152) — [CC0 1.0](https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/)
- [Image: Ataturk1930s.jpg by Unknown author Unknown author (Public domain)](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ataturk1930s.jpg)

## Licence and attribution

Text from the Wikipedia article Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0. This page's text is shared under the same licence. Facts from Wikidata (CC0). Image: Ataturk1930s.jpg — Unknown author Unknown author, Public domain.

## Cite this page

"Mustafa Kemal Atatürk". DigiNepal. Last updated 19 October 2026. https://diginpl.com/people/mustafa-kemal-ataturk. Retrieved 21 October 2026.