{"id":"murray-gell-mann","type":"person","url":"https://diginpl.com/people/murray-gell-mann","language":"en","name":"Murray Gell-Mann","name_en":"Murray Gell-Mann","name_ne":"मुर्रे गेलम्यान","description":"American physicist (1929–2019)","headline":"American physicist (1929–2019)","also_known_as":[],"summary":"Murray Gell-Mann was an American theoretical physicist who played a preeminent role in the development of the theory of elementary particles. Gell-Mann introduced the concept of quarks as the fundamental building blocks of the strongly interacting particles, and the renormalization group as a foundational element of quantum field theory and statistical mechanics. He received the 1969 Nobel Prize in Physics for his contributions and discoveries concerning the classification of elementary particles and their interactions.","summary_more":[],"facts":[{"key":"born","label":"Born","values":[{"text":"15 September 1929","date":"1929-09-15"}],"source":{"label":"Wikidata","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172840#P569"}},{"key":"birthplace","label":"Place of birth","values":[{"text":"Lower Manhattan","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11253"}],"source":{"label":"Wikidata","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172840#P19"}},{"key":"died","label":"Died","values":[{"text":"24 May 2019","date":"2019-05-24"}],"source":{"label":"Wikidata","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172840#P570"}},{"key":"deathplace","label":"Place of death","values":[{"text":"Santa Fe","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38555"}],"source":{"label":"Wikidata","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172840#P20"}},{"key":"citizenship","label":"Citizenship","values":[{"text":"United States","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30"}],"source":{"label":"Wikidata","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172840#P27"}},{"key":"occupation","label":"Occupation","values":[{"text":"non-fiction writer","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15980158"},{"text":"theoretical physicist","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19350898"},{"text":"physicist","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q169470"}],"source":{"label":"Wikidata","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172840#P106"}},{"key":"education","label":"Education","values":[{"text":"Yale College","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2599077"},{"text":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q49108"},{"text":"Yale University","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q49112"},{"text":"Columbia Grammar & Preparatory School","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5149700"},{"text":"Jonathan Edwards College","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6273029"}],"source":{"label":"Wikidata","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172840#P69"}},{"key":"spouse","label":"Spouse","values":[{"text":"J. Margaret Dow","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q108675061"},{"text":"Marcia Southwick","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q108675064"}],"source":{"label":"Wikidata","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172840#P26"}},{"key":"website","label":"Official website","values":[{"text":"tuvalu.santafe.edu/~mgm","url":"http://tuvalu.santafe.edu/~mgm"}],"source":{"label":"Wikidata","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172840#P856"}},{"key":"positions","label":"Positions held","values":[{"text":"board member (1974–1988)","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2824523","start":"1974-08-31","end":"1988"}],"source":{"label":"Wikidata","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172840#P39"}},{"key":"awards","label":"Awards","values":[{"text":"Guggenheim Fellowship","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1316544","date":"1971"},{"text":"Nobel Prize in Physics","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38104","date":"1969"},{"text":"Humanist of the Year","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19869310","date":"2005"},{"text":"William Procter Prize for Scientific Achievement","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8017107","date":"2004"},{"text":"Helmholtz Medal","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1562616","date":"2014"},{"text":"John J. Carty Award for the Advancement of Science","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6240976","date":"1968"},{"text":"Franklin Medal","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3141777","date":"1967"},{"text":"Richtmyer Memorial Lecture Award","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7331107","date":"1966"},{"text":"Fellow of the American Physical Society","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41955909"},{"text":"Dannie Heineman Prize for Mathematical Physics","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1164475","date":"1959"},{"text":"Albert Einstein Medal","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17712","date":"2005"},{"text":"Fellow of the Pakistan Academy of Sciences","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q59767926"},{"text":"Fellow of the Committee for Skeptical Inquiry","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q61745062"},{"text":"Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52382875"},{"text":"Foreign Member of the Royal Society","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14906020","date":"1978-04-20"}],"source":{"label":"Wikidata","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172840#P166"}},{"key":"x","label":"X (Twitter)","values":[{"text":"quark_king","url":"https://x.com/quark_king"}],"source":{"label":"Wikidata","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172840#P2002"}}],"office":null,"sections":[],"cited":[],"cited_from":null,"videos":[],"last_reviewed":null,"organizations":[],"same_as":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murray_Gell-Mann","https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172840","http://tuvalu.santafe.edu/~mgm","https://x.com/quark_king"],"faq":[{"q":"When was Murray Gell-Mann born?","a":"Murray Gell-Mann was born on 15 September 1929 in Lower Manhattan."},{"q":"What positions has Murray Gell-Mann held?","a":"Positions held by Murray Gell-Mann include: board member (1974–1988)."},{"q":"Where did Murray Gell-Mann study?","a":"Murray Gell-Mann was educated at Yale College, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Yale University, Columbia Grammar & Preparatory School."}],"related":[{"name":"Millard Fillmore","url":"https://diginpl.com/people/millard-fillmore"},{"name":"Alexander Graham Bell","url":"https://diginpl.com/people/alexander-graham-bell"},{"name":"Al Gore","url":"https://diginpl.com/people/al-gore"},{"name":"Jefferson Davis","url":"https://diginpl.com/people/jefferson-davis"},{"name":"Larry Ellison","url":"https://diginpl.com/people/larry-ellison"},{"name":"Lakshmi Mittal","url":"https://diginpl.com/people/lakshmi-mittal"}],"places_in":[],"nearby":[],"image":{"url":"https://diginpl.com/kb-img/murray-gell-mann-c625e085b7.jpg","width":500,"height":788,"license":"CC BY-SA 2.0","credit":"World Economic Forum","page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Murray_Gell-Mann_-_World_Economic_Forum_Annual_Meeting_2012.jpg"},"sources":[{"label":"Wikipedia (English): Murray Gell-Mann","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murray_Gell-Mann","license":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/"},{"label":"Wikidata item Q172840","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172840","license":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/"},{"label":"Image: Murray Gell-Mann - World Economic Forum Annual Meeting 2012.jpg by World Economic Forum (CC BY-SA 2.0)","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Murray_Gell-Mann_-_World_Economic_Forum_Annual_Meeting_2012.jpg","license":null}],"license":{"text":"CC BY-SA 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","facts":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/"},"attribution":"Text from the Wikipedia article Murray Gell-Mann, licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0. This page's text is shared under the same licence. Facts from Wikidata (CC0). Image: Murray Gell-Mann - World Economic Forum Annual Meeting 2012.jpg — World Economic Forum, CC BY-SA 2.0.","cite":"\"Murray Gell-Mann\". DigiNepal. Last updated 8 November 2026. https://diginpl.com/people/murray-gell-mann. Retrieved 15 November 2026.","date_modified":"2026-11-08T01:30:21Z","facts_checked":"2026-11-14","alternates":{"html":"https://diginpl.com/people/murray-gell-mann","en":"https://diginpl.com/people/murray-gell-mann","ne":"https://diginpl.com/people/murray-gell-mann?lang=ne"}}