{"id":"mikhail-kalinin","type":"person","url":"https://diginpl.com/people/mikhail-kalinin","language":"en","name":"Mikhail Kalinin","name_en":"Mikhail Kalinin","name_ne":null,"description":"Soviet politician (1875–1946)","headline":"Soviet politician (1875–1946)","also_known_as":[],"summary":"Mikhail Ivanovich Kalinin (Russian: Михаил Иванович Калинин, IPA: [mʲɪxɐˈ(j)iɫ kɐˈlʲinʲɪn] ; 19 November [O.S. 7 November] 1875 – 3 June 1946) was a Soviet politician and Russian Old Bolshevik revolutionary who served as the head of state of the Soviet Union from 1919 until his resignation in 1946. (This position was largely ceremonial, with actual power residing with Communist Party leader Joseph Stalin.) From 1926 until his death, he was a member of the Politburo of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks).","summary_more":["Born to a peasant family, Kalinin worked as a metal worker in Saint Petersburg and took part in the 1905 Russian Revolution as an early member of the Bolsheviks. During and after the October Revolution, he served as mayor of Petrograd (St. Petersburg). After the revolution, Kalinin became the head of the new Soviet state, as well as a member of the Central Committee of the Communist Party and the Politburo. He also was the Chairman of the Central Executive Committee of the Soviet Union.","Kalinin remained the titular head of state of the Soviet Union after the rise of Joseph Stalin, with whom he enjoyed a privileged relationship, but held little real power or influence. He retired in 1946 and died in the same year. The former East Prussian city of Königsberg, annexed by the Soviet Union in 1945, was renamed Kaliningrad after him a year later. The city of Tver was also known as Kalinin until 1990, when its historic name was restored, one year before the eventual fall of the Soviet Union. At 19 years, Kalinin's tenure was the longest of any non-monarchical Russian head of state until it was surpassed by Vladimir Putin in 2020."],"facts":[{"key":"born","label":"Born","values":[{"text":"7 November 1875","date":"1875-11-07"}],"source":{"label":"Wikidata","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q229828#P569"}},{"key":"birthplace","label":"Place of birth","values":[{"text":"Verkhnaya Troitsa","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4108993"}],"source":{"label":"Wikidata","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q229828#P19"}},{"key":"died","label":"Died","values":[{"text":"3 June 1946","date":"1946-06-03"}],"source":{"label":"Wikidata","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q229828#P570"}},{"key":"deathplace","label":"Place of death","values":[{"text":"Moscow","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q649"}],"source":{"label":"Wikidata","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q229828#P20"}},{"key":"citizenship","label":"Citizenship","values":[{"text":"Russian Empire","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34266"},{"text":"Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2305208"}],"source":{"label":"Wikidata","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q229828#P27"}},{"key":"occupation","label":"Occupation","values":[{"text":"politician","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82955"},{"text":"teacher","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37226"},{"text":"engineer","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81096"}],"source":{"label":"Wikidata","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q229828#P106"}},{"key":"party","label":"Political party","values":[{"text":"Communist Party of the Soviet Union (1918–1946)","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79854","start":"1918","end":"1946"},{"text":"Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (bolshevik) (1917–1918)","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1774814","start":"1917","end":"1918"},{"text":"Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (until 1917)","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204911","end":"1917"}],"source":{"label":"Wikidata","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q229828#P102"}},{"key":"spouse","label":"Spouse","values":[{"text":"Ekaterina Kalinina","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15999469"}],"source":{"label":"Wikidata","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q229828#P26"}},{"key":"positions","label":"Positions held","values":[{"text":"member of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR (19 March 1946 – 3 June 1946)","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42029042","start":"1946-03-19","end":"1946-06-03"},{"text":"Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union (17 January 1938 – 19 March 1946)","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q135215773","start":"1938-01-17","end":"1946-03-19"},{"text":"Member of the Politburo of the CPSU Central Committee (1 January 1926 – 3 June 1946)","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q108495011","start":"1926-01-01","end":"1946-06-03"},{"text":"Chairman of the Central Executive Committee of the Congress of Soviets (30 December 1922 – 17 January 1938)","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q61870366","start":"1922-12-30","end":"1938-01-17"},{"text":"Candidate member of the Politburo of the CPSU Central Committee (25 March 1919 – 1 January 1926)","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q115135185","start":"1919-03-25","end":"1926-01-01"},{"text":"Member of the Russian Constituent Assembly","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q27491113"},{"text":"member of the Supreme Soviet of the Byelorussian SSR of the 1st convocation","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q107392550"}],"source":{"label":"Wikidata","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q229828#P39"}},{"key":"awards","label":"Awards","values":[{"text":"Medal \"For the Victory over Germany in the Great Patriotic War 1941–1945\"","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q278798"},{"text":"Order of the Red Banner","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q337463","date":"1928-02-23"},{"text":"Order of Lenin","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185493","date":"1944-03-29"},{"text":"Hero of Socialist Labour","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208167","date":"1944-03-29"},{"text":"Medal \"For the Defence of Moscow\"","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069798"},{"text":"Medal \"For Valiant Labour in the Great Patriotic War 1941–1945\"","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1600457"}],"source":{"label":"Wikidata","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q229828#P166"}}],"office":null,"sections":[],"cited":[],"cited_from":null,"videos":[],"last_reviewed":null,"organizations":[],"same_as":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikhail_Kalinin","https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q229828"],"faq":[{"q":"When was Mikhail Kalinin born?","a":"Mikhail Kalinin was born on 7 November 1875 in Verkhnaya Troitsa."},{"q":"What positions has Mikhail Kalinin held?","a":"Positions held by Mikhail Kalinin include: member of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR (1946–1946); Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union (1938–1946); Member of the Politburo of the CPSU Central Committee (1926–1946); Chairman of the Central Executive Committee of the Congress of Soviets (1922–1938); Candidate member of the Politburo of the CPSU Central Committee (1919–1926)."}],"related":[{"name":"Joseph Stalin","url":"https://diginpl.com/people/joseph-stalin"},{"name":"Georgy Malenkov","url":"https://diginpl.com/people/georgy-malenkov"},{"name":"Mir Jafar Baghirov","url":"https://diginpl.com/people/mir-jafar-baghirov"},{"name":"Valentina Tereshkova","url":"https://diginpl.com/people/valentina-tereshkova"},{"name":"Nikolai Shvernik","url":"https://diginpl.com/people/nikolai-shvernik"},{"name":"Mikhail Gorbachev","url":"https://diginpl.com/people/mikhail-gorbachev"},{"name":"Yuri Andropov","url":"https://diginpl.com/people/yuri-andropov"},{"name":"Konstantin Chernenko","url":"https://diginpl.com/people/konstantin-chernenko"},{"name":"Anastas Mikoyan","url":"https://diginpl.com/people/anastas-mikoyan"},{"name":"Andrei Gromyko","url":"https://diginpl.com/people/andrei-gromyko"},{"name":"Absamat Masaliyev","url":"https://diginpl.com/people/absamat-masaliyev"},{"name":"Nikolai Ignatov","url":"https://diginpl.com/people/nikolai-ignatov"}],"places_in":[],"nearby":[],"image":{"url":"https://diginpl.com/kb-img/mikhail-kalinin-a5b24ba454.jpg","width":500,"height":666,"license":"Public domain","credit":"Grigory Vayl","page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BB_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD.jpg"},"sources":[{"label":"Wikipedia (English): Mikhail Kalinin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikhail_Kalinin","license":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/"},{"label":"Wikidata item Q229828","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q229828","license":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/"},{"label":"Image: Михаил Калинин.jpg by Grigory Vayl (Public domain)","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BB_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD.jpg","license":null}],"license":{"text":"CC BY-SA 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","facts":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/"},"attribution":"Text from the Wikipedia article Mikhail Kalinin, licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0. This page's text is shared under the same licence. Facts from Wikidata (CC0). Image: Михаил Калинин.jpg — Grigory Vayl, Public domain.","cite":"\"Mikhail Kalinin\". DigiNepal. Last updated 31 October 2026. https://diginpl.com/people/mikhail-kalinin. Retrieved 5 November 2026.","date_modified":"2026-10-31T13:59:50Z","facts_checked":"2026-11-05","alternates":{"html":"https://diginpl.com/people/mikhail-kalinin","en":"https://diginpl.com/people/mikhail-kalinin","ne":"https://diginpl.com/people/mikhail-kalinin?lang=ne"}}