# Mikhail Gorbachev

_Leader of the Soviet Union from 1985 to 1991 (1931–2022)_

Canonical: https://diginpl.com/people/mikhail-gorbachev
Last updated: 2026-11-03

> Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev was a Soviet and Russian politician who was the last leader of the Soviet Union from 1985 until the country's dissolution in 1991. He served as General Secretary of the Communist Party from 1985, and additionally as head of state from 1988. Ideologically, he initially adhered to Marxism–Leninism, but moved towards social democracy by the early 1990s.

## Quick facts

- **Born:** 2 March 1931 ([Wikidata](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30487#P569))
- **Place of birth:** Privolnoye ([Wikidata](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30487#P19))
- **Died:** 30 August 2022 ([Wikidata](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30487#P570))
- **Place of death:** Central Clinical Hospital ([Wikidata](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30487#P20))
- **Citizenship:** Russia; Soviet Union ([Wikidata](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30487#P27))
- **Occupation:** politician; jurist; environmentalist; economist; lawyer; film actor ([Wikidata](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30487#P106))
- **Political party:** Union of Social Democrats (since 2007); Social Democratic Party of Russia (2001–2007); Communist Party of the Soviet Union (1950–1991); Russian United Social Democratic Party (until 2001) ([Wikidata](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30487#P102))
- **Education:** Moscow State University, Faculty of Law; Stavropol State Agrarian University; Lomonosov Moscow State University ([Wikidata](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30487#P69))
- **Spouse:** Raisa Gorbacheva ([Wikidata](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30487#P26))
- **Official website:** gorby.ru ([Wikidata](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30487#P856))
- **Positions held:** President of the Soviet Union (15 March 1990 – 25 December 1991); Chairman of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR (25 May 1989 – 15 March 1990); Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union (1 October 1988 – 25 May 1989); General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (11 March 1985 – 24 August 1991); Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (27 November 1978 – 11 March 1985) ([Wikidata](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30487#P39))
- **Awards:** Nobel Peace Prize; Commandeur des Arts et des Lettres‎; honorary citizen of Berlin; Order of Honour; Order of the October Revolution; Collar of the Order of the White Lion; Order of the Badge of Honour; Princess of Asturias Award for International Cooperation; Philadelphia Liberty Medal; Free Your Mind; North–South Prize; Alexander Men Prize; Ronald Reagan Freedom Award; Delta Prize for Global Understanding; Champions of the Earth ([Wikidata](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30487#P166))
- **X (Twitter):** mgorbachev ([Wikidata](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30487#P2002))

## Questions

**When was Mikhail Gorbachev born?**  
Mikhail Gorbachev was born on 2 March 1931 in Privolnoye.

**What positions has Mikhail Gorbachev held?**  
Positions held by Mikhail Gorbachev include: President of the Soviet Union (1990–1991); Chairman of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR (1989–1990); Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union (1988–1989); General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (1985–1991); Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (1978–1985).

**Where did Mikhail Gorbachev study?**  
Mikhail Gorbachev was educated at Moscow State University, Faculty of Law, Stavropol State Agrarian University, Lomonosov Moscow State University.

## Related

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- [Nikolai Shvernik](https://diginpl.com/people/nikolai-shvernik)
- [Yuri Andropov](https://diginpl.com/people/yuri-andropov)
- [Konstantin Chernenko](https://diginpl.com/people/konstantin-chernenko)
- [Anastas Mikoyan](https://diginpl.com/people/anastas-mikoyan)
- [Andrei Gromyko](https://diginpl.com/people/andrei-gromyko)

## Sources

- [Wikipedia (English): Mikhail Gorbachev](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikhail_Gorbachev) — [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)
- [Wikipedia (Nepali): मिखाइल गोर्बाचोभ](https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AD) — [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)
- [Wikidata item Q30487](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30487) — [CC0 1.0](https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/)
- [Image: GorbachevMS.jpg by Leo Medvedev/Лев Леонидович Медведев (CC BY-SA 4.0)](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:GorbachevMS.jpg)

## Licence and attribution

Text from the Wikipedia article Mikhail Gorbachev, licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0. This page's text is shared under the same licence. Facts from Wikidata (CC0). Image: GorbachevMS.jpg — Leo Medvedev/Лев Леонидович Медведев, CC BY-SA 4.0.

## Cite this page

"Mikhail Gorbachev". DigiNepal. Last updated 3 November 2026. https://diginpl.com/people/mikhail-gorbachev. Retrieved 5 November 2026.