{"id":"mario-molina","type":"person","url":"https://diginpl.com/people/mario-molina","language":"en","name":"Mario Molina","name_en":"Mario Molina","name_ne":null,"description":"Mexican chemical engineer (1943–2020)","headline":"Mexican chemical engineer (1943–2020)","also_known_as":[],"summary":"Mario José Molina-Pasquel Henríquez was a Mexican physical chemist. He played a pivotal role in the discovery of the Antarctic ozone hole, and was a co-recipient of the 1995 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his role in discovering the threat to the Earth's ozone layer from chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) gases. He was the first Mexican-born scientist to receive a Nobel Prize in Chemistry and the third Mexican-born person to receive a Nobel prize.","summary_more":[],"facts":[{"key":"born","label":"Born","values":[{"text":"19 March 1943","date":"1943-03-19"}],"source":{"label":"Wikidata","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19045#P569"}},{"key":"birthplace","label":"Place of birth","values":[{"text":"Mexico City","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1489"}],"source":{"label":"Wikidata","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19045#P19"}},{"key":"died","label":"Died","values":[{"text":"7 October 2020","date":"2020-10-07"}],"source":{"label":"Wikidata","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19045#P570"}},{"key":"deathplace","label":"Place of death","values":[{"text":"Mexico City","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1489"}],"source":{"label":"Wikidata","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19045#P20"}},{"key":"citizenship","label":"Citizenship","values":[{"text":"Mexico","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96"},{"text":"United States","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30","start":"1989"}],"source":{"label":"Wikidata","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19045#P27"}},{"key":"occupation","label":"Occupation","values":[{"text":"chemist","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q593644"},{"text":"engineer","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81096"},{"text":"university teacher","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1622272"}],"source":{"label":"Wikidata","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19045#P106"}},{"key":"education","label":"Education","values":[{"text":"National Autonomous University of Mexico","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q222738","start":"1960"},{"text":"University of California, Berkeley","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q168756","start":"1968","end":"1972"},{"text":"University of Freiburg","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q153987","start":"1965"}],"source":{"label":"Wikidata","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19045#P69"}},{"key":"spouse","label":"Spouse","values":[{"text":"Luisa T Molina","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q89550851","start":"1973","end":"2005"}],"source":{"label":"Wikidata","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19045#P26"}},{"key":"awards","label":"Awards","values":[{"text":"Grand Cross of the Order of Isabella the Catholic","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17365974","date":"2008"},{"text":"Presidential Medal of Freedom","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17144","date":"2013"},{"text":"Nobel Prize in Chemistry","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44585","date":"1995"},{"text":"NASA Exceptional Scientific Achievement Medal","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17091138","date":"1989"},{"text":"Willard Gibbs Award","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q902788","date":"1998"},{"text":"Tyler Prize for Environmental Achievement","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1892257","date":"1983"},{"text":"Volvo Environment Prize","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7941307","date":"2004"},{"text":"Max Planck Research Award","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1912039","date":"1994"},{"text":"Fellow of the American Physical Society","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41955909"},{"text":"Knight of the Legion of Honour","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10855271","date":"2012"},{"text":"Heinz Award","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5700571","date":"2003"},{"text":"honorary doctorate from the Pontifical Catholic University of Peru","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q97446358"},{"text":"honorary doctor of the University of Madrid Complutense","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50621171","date":"2012"},{"text":"Newcomb Cleveland Prize","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7017608"},{"text":"honorary doctor of the University of Miami","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q110471679","date":"2001-05-11"}],"source":{"label":"Wikidata","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19045#P166"}}],"office":null,"sections":[],"cited":[],"cited_from":null,"videos":[],"last_reviewed":null,"organizations":[],"same_as":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mario_Molina","https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19045"],"faq":[{"q":"When was Mario Molina born?","a":"Mario Molina was born on 19 March 1943 in Mexico City."},{"q":"Where did Mario Molina study?","a":"Mario Molina was educated at National Autonomous University of Mexico, University of California, Berkeley, University of Freiburg."}],"related":[{"name":"Chris Tomic","url":"https://diginpl.com/people/chris-tomic"},{"name":"Eduard Kučera","url":"https://diginpl.com/people/eduard-kucera"},{"name":"Jan Koum","url":"https://diginpl.com/people/jan-koum"},{"name":"Joe Gebbia","url":"https://diginpl.com/people/joe-gebbia"},{"name":"Luke Nosek","url":"https://diginpl.com/people/luke-nosek"},{"name":"Miriam Adelson","url":"https://diginpl.com/people/miriam-adelson"},{"name":"Tatiana Roque","url":"https://diginpl.com/people/tatiana-roque"},{"name":"Aage Bohr","url":"https://diginpl.com/people/aage-bohr"},{"name":"Aaron Ciechanover","url":"https://diginpl.com/people/aaron-ciechanover"},{"name":"Aaron Klug","url":"https://diginpl.com/people/aaron-klug"},{"name":"Abdus Salam","url":"https://diginpl.com/people/abdus-salam"},{"name":"Adam Riess","url":"https://diginpl.com/people/adam-riess"}],"places_in":[],"nearby":[],"image":{"url":"https://diginpl.com/kb-img/mario-molina-bc1120baf5.jpg","width":500,"height":668,"license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","credit":"Janwikifoto","page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mario_Molina_1c389_8387.jpg"},"sources":[{"label":"Wikipedia (English): Mario Molina","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mario_Molina","license":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/"},{"label":"Wikidata item Q19045","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19045","license":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/"},{"label":"Image: Mario Molina 1c389 8387.jpg by Janwikifoto (CC BY-SA 3.0)","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mario_Molina_1c389_8387.jpg","license":null}],"license":{"text":"CC BY-SA 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","facts":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/"},"attribution":"Text from the Wikipedia article Mario Molina, licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0. This page's text is shared under the same licence. Facts from Wikidata (CC0). Image: Mario Molina 1c389 8387.jpg — Janwikifoto, CC BY-SA 3.0.","cite":"\"Mario Molina\". DigiNepal. Last updated 1 November 2026. https://diginpl.com/people/mario-molina. Retrieved 8 November 2026.","date_modified":"2026-11-01T04:28:18Z","facts_checked":"2026-11-07","alternates":{"html":"https://diginpl.com/people/mario-molina","en":"https://diginpl.com/people/mario-molina","ne":"https://diginpl.com/people/mario-molina?lang=ne"}}