{"id":"mahmud-ii","type":"person","url":"https://diginpl.com/people/mahmud-ii","language":"en","name":"Mahmud II","name_en":"Mahmud II","name_ne":null,"description":"30th Sultan of the Ottoman Empire (1808–1839)","headline":"30th Sultan of the Ottoman Empire (1808–1839)","also_known_as":[],"summary":"Mahmud II was the sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1808 until his death in 1839. Often described as the \"Peter the Great of Turkey\", Mahmud instituted extensive administrative, military, and fiscal reforms. His disbandment of the conservative Janissary Corps removed a major obstacle to his and his successors' reforms in the Empire, creating the foundations of the subsequent Tanzimat era. Mahmud's reign was also marked by further Ottoman military defeats and loss of territory as a result of nationalist uprisings and European intervention.","summary_more":[],"facts":[{"key":"born","label":"Born","values":[{"text":"20 July 1785","date":"1785-07-20"}],"source":{"label":"Wikidata","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q174791#P569"}},{"key":"birthplace","label":"Place of birth","values":[{"text":"Istanbul","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q406"}],"source":{"label":"Wikidata","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q174791#P19"}},{"key":"died","label":"Died","values":[{"text":"1 July 1839","date":"1839-07-01"}],"source":{"label":"Wikidata","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q174791#P570"}},{"key":"deathplace","label":"Place of death","values":[{"text":"Istanbul","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q406"}],"source":{"label":"Wikidata","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q174791#P20"}},{"key":"citizenship","label":"Citizenship","values":[{"text":"Ottoman Empire","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12560"}],"source":{"label":"Wikidata","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q174791#P27"}},{"key":"occupation","label":"Occupation","values":[{"text":"sovereign","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2304859"},{"text":"sultan","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43292"}],"source":{"label":"Wikidata","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q174791#P106"}},{"key":"spouse","label":"Spouse","values":[{"text":"Bezmiâlem Sultan","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q623135"},{"text":"Pertevniyal Sultan","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q434159"},{"text":"Aşubcan Kadın","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6012493"}],"source":{"label":"Wikidata","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q174791#P26"}},{"key":"positions","label":"Positions held","values":[{"text":"sultan of the Ottoman Empire (15 November 1808 – 1 July 1839)","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15315411","start":"1808-11-15","end":"1839-07-01"}],"source":{"label":"Wikidata","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q174791#P39"}}],"office":null,"sections":[],"cited":[],"cited_from":null,"videos":[],"last_reviewed":null,"organizations":[],"same_as":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahmud_II","https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q174791"],"faq":[{"q":"When was Mahmud II born?","a":"Mahmud II was born on 20 July 1785 in Istanbul."},{"q":"What positions has Mahmud II held?","a":"Positions held by Mahmud II include: sultan of the Ottoman Empire (1808–1839)."}],"related":[{"name":"Suleiman the Magnificent","url":"https://diginpl.com/people/suleiman-the-magnificent"},{"name":"Mehmed II","url":"https://diginpl.com/people/mehmed-ii"},{"name":"Bayezid I","url":"https://diginpl.com/people/bayezid-i"},{"name":"Murad II","url":"https://diginpl.com/people/murad-ii"},{"name":"Ahmed I","url":"https://diginpl.com/people/ahmed-i"},{"name":"Murad I","url":"https://diginpl.com/people/murad-i"}],"places_in":[],"nearby":[],"image":{"url":"https://diginpl.com/kb-img/mahmud-ii-b755904653.jpg","width":500,"height":666,"license":"Public domain","credit":"Henry Guillaume Schlesinger","page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mahmud_II.jpg"},"sources":[{"label":"Wikipedia (English): Mahmud II","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahmud_II","license":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/"},{"label":"Wikidata item Q174791","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q174791","license":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/"},{"label":"Image: Mahmud II.jpg by Henry Guillaume Schlesinger (Public domain)","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mahmud_II.jpg","license":null}],"license":{"text":"CC BY-SA 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","facts":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/"},"attribution":"Text from the Wikipedia article Mahmud II, licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0. This page's text is shared under the same licence. Facts from Wikidata (CC0). Image: Mahmud II.jpg — Henry Guillaume Schlesinger, Public domain.","cite":"\"Mahmud II\". DigiNepal. Last updated 3 November 2026. https://diginpl.com/people/mahmud-ii. Retrieved 7 November 2026.","date_modified":"2026-11-03T07:02:53Z","facts_checked":"2026-11-06","alternates":{"html":"https://diginpl.com/people/mahmud-ii","en":"https://diginpl.com/people/mahmud-ii","ne":"https://diginpl.com/people/mahmud-ii?lang=ne"}}