{"id":"julius-axelrod","type":"person","url":"https://diginpl.com/people/julius-axelrod","language":"en","name":"Julius Axelrod","name_en":"Julius Axelrod","name_ne":null,"description":"American biochemist (1912–2004)","headline":"American biochemist (1912–2004)","also_known_as":[],"summary":"Julius Axelrod was an American biochemist. He won a share of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1970 along with Bernard Katz and Ulf von Euler. The Nobel Committee honored him for his work on the release and reuptake of catecholamine neurotransmitters, a class of chemicals in the brain that include epinephrine, norepinephrine, and, as was later discovered, dopamine. Axelrod also made major contributions to the understanding of the pineal gland and how it is regulated during the sleep-wake cycle.","summary_more":[],"facts":[{"key":"born","label":"Born","values":[{"text":"30 May 1912","date":"1912-05-30"}],"source":{"label":"Wikidata","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q110106#P569"}},{"key":"birthplace","label":"Place of birth","values":[{"text":"New York City","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60"}],"source":{"label":"Wikidata","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q110106#P19"}},{"key":"died","label":"Died","values":[{"text":"29 December 2004","date":"2004-12-29"}],"source":{"label":"Wikidata","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q110106#P570"}},{"key":"deathplace","label":"Place of death","values":[{"text":"Bethesda","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q584451"}],"source":{"label":"Wikidata","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q110106#P20"}},{"key":"citizenship","label":"Citizenship","values":[{"text":"United States","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30"},{"text":"Poland","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36"}],"source":{"label":"Wikidata","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q110106#P27"}},{"key":"occupation","label":"Occupation","values":[{"text":"chemist","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q593644"},{"text":"neuroscientist","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6337803"},{"text":"pharmacologist","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2114605"},{"text":"scientist","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901"},{"text":"biochemist","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2919046"}],"source":{"label":"Wikidata","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q110106#P106"}},{"key":"education","label":"Education","values":[{"text":"City College of New York","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1093910"},{"text":"New York University","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q49210"},{"text":"George Washington University Medical School","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5546041"},{"text":"Seward Park High School","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7458189"}],"source":{"label":"Wikidata","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q110106#P69"}},{"key":"awards","label":"Awards","values":[{"text":"Canada Gairdner International Award","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1031994","date":"1967"},{"text":"Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80061","date":"1970"},{"text":"Schmiedeberg Plaque","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2246384","date":"1978"},{"text":"Foreign Member of the Royal Society","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14906020","date":"1979-04-26"},{"text":"honorary doctorate from University of Paris-XI","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126416289","date":"1982"},{"text":"Bristol-Myers Squibb Award for Distinguished Achievement in Neuroscience Research","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30123933","date":"1989"},{"text":"Ralph W. Gerard Prize","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1646443","date":"1992"},{"text":"Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52382875"}],"source":{"label":"Wikidata","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q110106#P166"}}],"office":null,"sections":[],"cited":[],"cited_from":null,"videos":[],"last_reviewed":null,"organizations":[],"same_as":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julius_Axelrod","https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q110106"],"faq":[{"q":"When was Julius Axelrod born?","a":"Julius Axelrod was born on 30 May 1912 in New York City."},{"q":"Where did Julius Axelrod study?","a":"Julius Axelrod was educated at City College of New York, New York University, George Washington University Medical School, Seward Park High School."}],"related":[{"name":"Jan Koum","url":"https://diginpl.com/people/jan-koum"},{"name":"Joe Gebbia","url":"https://diginpl.com/people/joe-gebbia"},{"name":"Luke Nosek","url":"https://diginpl.com/people/luke-nosek"},{"name":"Miriam Adelson","url":"https://diginpl.com/people/miriam-adelson"},{"name":"Adam Riess","url":"https://diginpl.com/people/adam-riess"},{"name":"Alan J. Heeger","url":"https://diginpl.com/people/alan-j-heeger"},{"name":"Alfred G. Gilman","url":"https://diginpl.com/people/alfred-g-gilman"},{"name":"Alfred Hershey","url":"https://diginpl.com/people/alfred-hershey"},{"name":"Allan MacLeod Cormack","url":"https://diginpl.com/people/allan-macleod-cormack"},{"name":"Andrea M. Ghez","url":"https://diginpl.com/people/andrea-m-ghez"},{"name":"Andrew Fire","url":"https://diginpl.com/people/andrew-fire"},{"name":"Andrew Schally","url":"https://diginpl.com/people/andrew-schally"}],"places_in":[],"nearby":[],"image":{"url":"https://diginpl.com/kb-img/julius-axelrod-aa4c53efe0.jpg","width":500,"height":600,"license":"Public domain","credit":"Unknown author Unknown author","page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Julius_Axelrod_3.jpg"},"sources":[{"label":"Wikipedia (English): Julius Axelrod","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julius_Axelrod","license":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/"},{"label":"Wikidata item Q110106","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q110106","license":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/"},{"label":"Image: Julius Axelrod 3.jpg by Unknown author Unknown author (Public domain)","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Julius_Axelrod_3.jpg","license":null}],"license":{"text":"CC BY-SA 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","facts":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/"},"attribution":"Text from the Wikipedia article Julius Axelrod, licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0. This page's text is shared under the same licence. Facts from Wikidata (CC0). Image: Julius Axelrod 3.jpg — Unknown author Unknown author, Public domain.","cite":"\"Julius Axelrod\". DigiNepal. Last updated 31 October 2026. https://diginpl.com/people/julius-axelrod. Retrieved 6 November 2026.","date_modified":"2026-10-31T07:59:41Z","facts_checked":"2026-11-05","alternates":{"html":"https://diginpl.com/people/julius-axelrod","en":"https://diginpl.com/people/julius-axelrod","ne":"https://diginpl.com/people/julius-axelrod?lang=ne"}}