{"id":"julian-schwinger","type":"person","url":"https://diginpl.com/people/julian-schwinger","language":"en","name":"Julian Schwinger","name_en":"Julian Schwinger","name_ne":null,"description":"American theoretical physicist (1918–1994)","headline":"American theoretical physicist (1918–1994)","also_known_as":[],"summary":"Julian Seymour Schwinger (; February 12, 1918 – July 16, 1994) was an American theoretical physicist. He shared the 1965 Nobel Prize in Physics with Richard Feynman and Shin'ichirō Tomonaga \"for their fundamental work in quantum electrodynamics (QED), with deep-ploughing consequences for the physics of elementary particles\". He developed a relativistically invariant perturbation theory, and renormalized QED to one loop order. Schwinger was a physics professor at several universities.","summary_more":["Schwinger is recognized as an important physicist, responsible for much of modern quantum field theory, including a variational approach, and the equations of motion for quantum fields. He developed the first electroweak model, and the first example of confinement in 1+1 dimensions. He is responsible for the theory of multiple neutrinos, Schwinger terms, and the theory of the spin-3/2 field. He shared the inaugural Albert Einstein Award with Kurt Gödel."],"facts":[{"key":"born","label":"Born","values":[{"text":"12 February 1918","date":"1918-02-12"}],"source":{"label":"Wikidata","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186465#P569"}},{"key":"birthplace","label":"Place of birth","values":[{"text":"New York City","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60"}],"source":{"label":"Wikidata","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186465#P19"}},{"key":"died","label":"Died","values":[{"text":"16 July 1994","date":"1994-07-16"}],"source":{"label":"Wikidata","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186465#P570"}},{"key":"deathplace","label":"Place of death","values":[{"text":"Los Angeles","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q65"}],"source":{"label":"Wikidata","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186465#P20"}},{"key":"citizenship","label":"Citizenship","values":[{"text":"United States","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30"}],"source":{"label":"Wikidata","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186465#P27"}},{"key":"occupation","label":"Occupation","values":[{"text":"university teacher","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1622272"},{"text":"non-fiction writer","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15980158"},{"text":"mathematician","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170790"},{"text":"theoretical physicist","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19350898"},{"text":"nuclear physicist","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16742096"},{"text":"physicist","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q169470"}],"source":{"label":"Wikidata","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186465#P106"}},{"key":"education","label":"Education","values":[{"text":"Columbia University","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q49088","end":"1939"},{"text":"City College of New York","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1093910"},{"text":"Townsend Harris High School","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7830177"}],"source":{"label":"Wikidata","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186465#P69"}},{"key":"awards","label":"Awards","values":[{"text":"Albert Einstein Award","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q577432","date":"1951"},{"text":"Josiah Willard Gibbs Lectureship","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1522873","date":"1960"},{"text":"National Medal of Science","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q737051","date":"1964"},{"text":"Nobel Prize in Physics","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38104","date":"1965"},{"text":"Guggenheim Fellowship","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1316544","date":"1970"},{"text":"doctor honoris causa from the Pierre and Marie Curie University","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26270762","date":"1990"},{"text":"Fellow of the American Physical Society","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41955909"},{"text":"Humboldt Prize","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q873412"}],"source":{"label":"Wikidata","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186465#P166"}}],"office":null,"sections":[],"cited":[],"cited_from":null,"videos":[],"last_reviewed":null,"organizations":[],"same_as":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julian_Schwinger","https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186465"],"faq":[{"q":"When was Julian Schwinger born?","a":"Julian Schwinger was born on 12 February 1918 in New York City."},{"q":"Where did Julian Schwinger study?","a":"Julian Schwinger was educated at Columbia University, City College of New York, Townsend Harris High School."}],"related":[{"name":"Jan Koum","url":"https://diginpl.com/people/jan-koum"},{"name":"Joe Gebbia","url":"https://diginpl.com/people/joe-gebbia"},{"name":"Luke Nosek","url":"https://diginpl.com/people/luke-nosek"},{"name":"Miriam Adelson","url":"https://diginpl.com/people/miriam-adelson"},{"name":"Adam Riess","url":"https://diginpl.com/people/adam-riess"},{"name":"Alan J. Heeger","url":"https://diginpl.com/people/alan-j-heeger"},{"name":"Alfred G. Gilman","url":"https://diginpl.com/people/alfred-g-gilman"},{"name":"Alfred Hershey","url":"https://diginpl.com/people/alfred-hershey"},{"name":"Allan MacLeod Cormack","url":"https://diginpl.com/people/allan-macleod-cormack"},{"name":"Andrea M. Ghez","url":"https://diginpl.com/people/andrea-m-ghez"},{"name":"Andrew Fire","url":"https://diginpl.com/people/andrew-fire"},{"name":"Andrew Schally","url":"https://diginpl.com/people/andrew-schally"}],"places_in":[],"nearby":[],"image":{"url":"https://diginpl.com/kb-img/julian-schwinger-61c524c920.jpg","width":280,"height":396,"license":"Public domain","credit":"Nobel foundation","page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Schwinger.jpg"},"sources":[{"label":"Wikipedia (English): Julian Schwinger","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julian_Schwinger","license":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/"},{"label":"Wikidata item Q186465","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186465","license":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/"},{"label":"Image: Schwinger.jpg by Nobel foundation (Public domain)","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Schwinger.jpg","license":null}],"license":{"text":"CC BY-SA 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","facts":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/"},"attribution":"Text from the Wikipedia article Julian Schwinger, licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0. This page's text is shared under the same licence. Facts from Wikidata (CC0). Image: Schwinger.jpg — Nobel foundation, Public domain.","cite":"\"Julian Schwinger\". DigiNepal. Last updated 31 October 2026. https://diginpl.com/people/julian-schwinger. Retrieved 5 November 2026.","date_modified":"2026-10-31T12:00:53Z","facts_checked":"2026-11-05","alternates":{"html":"https://diginpl.com/people/julian-schwinger","en":"https://diginpl.com/people/julian-schwinger","ne":"https://diginpl.com/people/julian-schwinger?lang=ne"}}