{"id":"john-bardeen","type":"person","url":"https://diginpl.com/people/john-bardeen","language":"en","name":"John Bardeen","name_en":"John Bardeen","name_ne":"जोन बार्डिन","description":"American physicist and engineer (1908–1991)","headline":"American physicist and engineer (1908–1991)","also_known_as":[],"summary":"John Bardeen was an American physicist. He is the only person to be awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics twice: first in 1956 with William Shockley and Walter Brattain for their invention of the transistor; and again in 1972 with Leon Cooper and John Robert Schrieffer for their microscopic theory of superconductivity, known as the BCS theory.","summary_more":[],"facts":[{"key":"born","label":"Born","values":[{"text":"23 May 1908","date":"1908-05-23"}],"source":{"label":"Wikidata","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q949#P569"}},{"key":"birthplace","label":"Place of birth","values":[{"text":"Madison","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43788"}],"source":{"label":"Wikidata","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q949#P19"}},{"key":"died","label":"Died","values":[{"text":"30 January 1991","date":"1991-01-30"}],"source":{"label":"Wikidata","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q949#P570"}},{"key":"deathplace","label":"Place of death","values":[{"text":"Boston","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q100"}],"source":{"label":"Wikidata","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q949#P20"}},{"key":"citizenship","label":"Citizenship","values":[{"text":"United States","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30"}],"source":{"label":"Wikidata","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q949#P27"}},{"key":"occupation","label":"Occupation","values":[{"text":"physicist","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q169470"},{"text":"inventor","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205375"},{"text":"university teacher","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1622272"},{"text":"electrical engineer","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1326886"}],"source":{"label":"Wikidata","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q949#P106"}},{"key":"education","label":"Education","values":[{"text":"Princeton University","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21578","end":"1936"},{"text":"University of Wisconsin–Madison","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q838330"},{"text":"Madison Central High School","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105764085"},{"text":"University of Wisconsin High School","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7896630"}],"source":{"label":"Wikidata","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q949#P69"}},{"key":"spouse","label":"Spouse","values":[{"text":"Jane Maxwell","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q22661259","start":"1938"}],"source":{"label":"Wikidata","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q949#P26"}},{"key":"positions","label":"Positions held","values":[{"text":"professor","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121594"}],"source":{"label":"Wikidata","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q949#P39"}},{"key":"awards","label":"Awards","values":[{"text":"Nobel Prize in Physics","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38104","date":"1956"},{"text":"Stuart Ballantine Medal","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7626301","date":"1952"},{"text":"Harold Pender Award","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10354962","date":"1988"},{"text":"Lomonosov Gold Medal","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1340199","date":"1987"},{"text":"Oliver E. Buckley Condensed Matter Prize","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1572080","date":"1954"},{"text":"IEEE Medal of Honor","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q678414","date":"1971"},{"text":"Fritz London Award","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q246592","date":"1962"},{"text":"National Medal of Science","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q737051","date":"1965"},{"text":"National Inventors Hall of Fame","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1366018","date":"1974"},{"text":"Presidential Medal of Freedom","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17144","date":"1977-01-10"},{"text":"Franklin Medal","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3141777","date":"1975"},{"text":"Fellow of the American Physical Society","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41955909","date":"1938"},{"text":"Foreign Member of the Royal Society","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14906020","date":"1973-05-03"},{"text":"James Madison Medal","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21662156","date":"1973"},{"text":"John Scott Award","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3332215","date":"1954"}],"source":{"label":"Wikidata","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q949#P166"}}],"office":null,"sections":[],"cited":[],"cited_from":null,"videos":[],"last_reviewed":null,"organizations":[],"same_as":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Bardeen","https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q949"],"faq":[{"q":"When was John Bardeen born?","a":"John Bardeen was born on 23 May 1908 in Madison."},{"q":"What positions has John Bardeen held?","a":"Positions held by John Bardeen include: professor."},{"q":"Where did John Bardeen study?","a":"John Bardeen was educated at Princeton University, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison Central High School, University of Wisconsin High School."}],"related":[{"name":"Alexander Graham Bell","url":"https://diginpl.com/people/alexander-graham-bell"},{"name":"C. K. Prahalad","url":"https://diginpl.com/people/c-k-prahalad"},{"name":"Nazar Al Baharna","url":"https://diginpl.com/people/nazar-al-baharna"},{"name":"Arjun Narasingha KC","url":"https://diginpl.com/people/arjun-narasingha-kc"},{"name":"Masatoshi Koshiba","url":"https://diginpl.com/people/masatoshi-koshiba"},{"name":"Rolf M. Zinkernagel","url":"https://diginpl.com/people/rolf-m-zinkernagel"}],"places_in":[],"nearby":[],"image":{"url":"https://diginpl.com/kb-img/john-bardeen-42ddc273bb.jpg","width":280,"height":396,"license":"Public domain","credit":"Nobel foundation","page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bardeen.jpg"},"sources":[{"label":"Wikipedia (English): John Bardeen","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Bardeen","license":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/"},{"label":"Wikidata item Q949","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q949","license":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/"},{"label":"Image: Bardeen.jpg by Nobel foundation (Public domain)","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bardeen.jpg","license":null}],"license":{"text":"CC BY-SA 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","facts":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/"},"attribution":"Text from the Wikipedia article John Bardeen, licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0. This page's text is shared under the same licence. Facts from Wikidata (CC0). Image: Bardeen.jpg — Nobel foundation, Public domain.","cite":"\"John Bardeen\". DigiNepal. Last updated 1 November 2026. https://diginpl.com/people/john-bardeen. Retrieved 4 November 2026.","date_modified":"2026-11-01T19:28:46Z","facts_checked":"2026-11-04","alternates":{"html":"https://diginpl.com/people/john-bardeen","en":"https://diginpl.com/people/john-bardeen","ne":"https://diginpl.com/people/john-bardeen?lang=ne"}}