{"id":"johannes-diderik-van-der-waals","type":"person","url":"https://diginpl.com/people/johannes-diderik-van-der-waals","language":"en","name":"Johannes Diderik van der Waals","name_en":"Johannes Diderik van der Waals","name_ne":"जोहन्नेस दिदेरिक भ्यान्डर वाल्स","description":"Dutch physicist (1837–1923)","headline":"Dutch physicist (1837–1923)","also_known_as":[],"summary":"Johannes Diderik van der Waals (Dutch: [joːˈɦɑnəz ˈdidərɪk fɑn dər ˈʋaːls] ; 23 November 1837 – 8 March 1923) was a Dutch theoretical physicist who received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1910 \"for his work on the equation of state for gases and liquids.\" Van der Waals started his career as a schoolteacher, before becoming the first physics professor of the University of Amsterdam when its status was upgraded to Municipal University in 1877.","summary_more":["His name is primarily associated with the van der Waals equation, an equation of state that describes the behavior of gases and their condensation to the liquid phase. His name is also associated with van der Waals forces (forces between stable molecules), with van der Waals molecules (small molecular clusters bound by van der Waals forces), and with the van der Waals radius (size of molecules). James Clerk Maxwell once said that, \"there can be no doubt that the name of Van der Waals will soon be among the foremost in molecular science.\"","In his 1873 thesis, Van der Waals noted the non-ideality of real gases and attributed it to the existence of intermolecular interactions. He introduced the first equation of state derived by the assumption of a finite volume occupied by the constituent molecules. Spearheaded by Ernst Mach and Wilhelm Ostwald, a strong philosophical current that denied the existence of molecules arose towards the end of the 19th century. The molecular existence was considered unproven and the molecular hypothesis unnecessary. At the time Van der Waals's thesis was written (1873), the molecular structure of fluids had not been accepted by most physicists, and liquid and vapor were often considered as chemically distinct. But Van der Waals's work affirmed the reality of molecules and allowed an assessment of their size and attractive strength. His new formula revolutionized the study of equations of state. By…"],"facts":[{"key":"born","label":"Born","values":[{"text":"23 November 1837","date":"1837-11-23"}],"source":{"label":"Wikidata","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131721#P569"}},{"key":"birthplace","label":"Place of birth","values":[{"text":"Leiden","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43631"}],"source":{"label":"Wikidata","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131721#P19"}},{"key":"died","label":"Died","values":[{"text":"8 March 1923","date":"1923-03-08"}],"source":{"label":"Wikidata","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131721#P570"}},{"key":"deathplace","label":"Place of death","values":[{"text":"Amsterdam","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727"}],"source":{"label":"Wikidata","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131721#P20"}},{"key":"citizenship","label":"Citizenship","values":[{"text":"Kingdom of the Netherlands","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q29999"}],"source":{"label":"Wikidata","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131721#P27"}},{"key":"occupation","label":"Occupation","values":[{"text":"physicist","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q169470"},{"text":"chemist","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q593644"},{"text":"mathematician","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170790"},{"text":"theoretical physicist","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19350898"},{"text":"university teacher","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1622272"},{"text":"teacher","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37226"}],"source":{"label":"Wikidata","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131721#P106"}},{"key":"education","label":"Education","values":[{"text":"Leiden University","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q156598"}],"source":{"label":"Wikidata","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131721#P69"}},{"key":"spouse","label":"Spouse","values":[{"text":"Anna Magdalena Smit","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q109319023","start":"1865","end":"1881-12-28"}],"source":{"label":"Wikidata","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131721#P26"}},{"key":"awards","label":"Awards","values":[{"text":"Nobel Prize in Physics","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38104","date":"1910"}],"source":{"label":"Wikidata","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131721#P166"}}],"office":null,"sections":[],"cited":[],"cited_from":null,"videos":[],"last_reviewed":null,"organizations":[],"same_as":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Diderik_van_der_Waals","https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131721"],"faq":[{"q":"When was Johannes Diderik van der Waals born?","a":"Johannes Diderik van der Waals was born on 23 November 1837 in Leiden."},{"q":"Where did Johannes Diderik van der Waals study?","a":"Johannes Diderik van der Waals was educated at Leiden University."}],"related":[{"name":"Hendrik Lorentz","url":"https://diginpl.com/people/hendrik-lorentz"},{"name":"Pieter Zeeman","url":"https://diginpl.com/people/pieter-zeeman"},{"name":"Albert A. Michelson","url":"https://diginpl.com/people/albert-a-michelson"},{"name":"Enrico Fermi","url":"https://diginpl.com/people/enrico-fermi"},{"name":"Erwin Schrödinger","url":"https://diginpl.com/people/erwin-schrodinger"},{"name":"Eugene Wigner","url":"https://diginpl.com/people/eugene-wigner"},{"name":"Henri Becquerel","url":"https://diginpl.com/people/henri-becquerel"},{"name":"J. J. Thomson","url":"https://diginpl.com/people/j-j-thomson"},{"name":"James Chadwick","url":"https://diginpl.com/people/james-chadwick"},{"name":"K. Ferdinand Braun","url":"https://diginpl.com/people/k-ferdinand-braun"},{"name":"Lev Landau","url":"https://diginpl.com/people/lev-landau"},{"name":"Louis de Broglie","url":"https://diginpl.com/people/louis-de-broglie"}],"places_in":[],"nearby":[],"image":{"url":"https://diginpl.com/kb-img/johannes-diderik-van-der-waals-88fbb9fb25.jpg","width":500,"height":566,"license":"Public domain","credit":"Unknown author Unknown author","page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Johannes_Diderik_van_der_Waals.jpg"},"sources":[{"label":"Wikipedia (English): Johannes Diderik van der Waals","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Diderik_van_der_Waals","license":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/"},{"label":"Wikidata item Q131721","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131721","license":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/"},{"label":"Image: Johannes Diderik van der Waals.jpg by Unknown author Unknown author (Public domain)","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Johannes_Diderik_van_der_Waals.jpg","license":null}],"license":{"text":"CC BY-SA 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","facts":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/"},"attribution":"Text from the Wikipedia article Johannes Diderik van der Waals, licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0. This page's text is shared under the same licence. Facts from Wikidata (CC0). Image: Johannes Diderik van der Waals.jpg — Unknown author Unknown author, Public domain.","cite":"\"Johannes Diderik van der Waals\". DigiNepal. Last updated 31 October 2026. https://diginpl.com/people/johannes-diderik-van-der-waals. Retrieved 9 November 2026.","date_modified":"2026-10-31T14:28:19Z","facts_checked":"2026-11-09","alternates":{"html":"https://diginpl.com/people/johannes-diderik-van-der-waals","en":"https://diginpl.com/people/johannes-diderik-van-der-waals","ne":"https://diginpl.com/people/johannes-diderik-van-der-waals?lang=ne"}}