{"id":"james-cronin","type":"person","url":"https://diginpl.com/people/james-cronin","language":"en","name":"James Cronin","name_en":"James Cronin","name_ne":null,"description":"American physicist","headline":"American physicist","also_known_as":[],"summary":"James Watson Cronin (September 29, 1931 – August 25, 2016) was an American particle physicist.","summary_more":["Cronin and co-researcher Val Logsdon Fitch were awarded the 1980 Nobel Prize in Physics for a 1964 experiment that proved that certain subatomic reactions do not adhere to fundamental symmetry principles. Specifically, they proved, by examining the decay of kaons, that a reaction run in reverse does not merely retrace the path of the original reaction, which showed that the interactions of subatomic particles are not invariant under time reversal. Thus the phenomenon of CP violation was discovered.","Cronin received the Ernest Orlando Lawrence Award in 1976 for major experimental contributions to particle physics including fundamental work on weak interactions culminating in the discovery of asymmetry under time reversal. In 1999, he was awarded the National Medal of Science.","Cronin was Professor Emeritus at the University of Chicago winning the prestigious Quantrell Award and a spokesperson emeritus for the Auger project. He was a member of the Board of Sponsors of the Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists."],"facts":[{"key":"born","label":"Born","values":[{"text":"29 September 1931","date":"1931-09-29"}],"source":{"label":"Wikidata","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193496#P569"}},{"key":"birthplace","label":"Place of birth","values":[{"text":"Chicago","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1297"}],"source":{"label":"Wikidata","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193496#P19"}},{"key":"died","label":"Died","values":[{"text":"25 August 2016","date":"2016-08-25"}],"source":{"label":"Wikidata","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193496#P570"}},{"key":"deathplace","label":"Place of death","values":[{"text":"Saint Paul","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28848"}],"source":{"label":"Wikidata","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193496#P20"}},{"key":"citizenship","label":"Citizenship","values":[{"text":"United States","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30"}],"source":{"label":"Wikidata","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193496#P27"}},{"key":"occupation","label":"Occupation","values":[{"text":"physicist","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q169470"},{"text":"nuclear physicist","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16742096"},{"text":"university teacher","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1622272"}],"source":{"label":"Wikidata","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193496#P106"}},{"key":"education","label":"Education","values":[{"text":"Southern Methodist University","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1536258"},{"text":"University of Chicago","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131252"},{"text":"Highland Park High School","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5758983"}],"source":{"label":"Wikidata","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193496#P69"}},{"key":"awards","label":"Awards","values":[{"text":"Nobel Prize in Physics","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38104","date":"1980"},{"text":"John Price Wetherill Medal","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15821575","date":"1976"},{"text":"National Medal of Science","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q737051","date":"1999"},{"text":"doctor honoris causa from the Pierre and Marie Curie University","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26270762","date":"1994"},{"text":"Fellow of the American Physical Society","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41955909"},{"text":"honorary doctorate of the University of Santiago de Compostela","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50620312","date":"2009"},{"text":"Foreign Member of the Royal Society","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14906020","date":"2007"},{"text":"Ernest Orlando Lawrence Award","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1356190","date":"1976"},{"text":"Guggenheim Fellowship","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1316544"},{"text":"honorary doctor of the Marie and Louis Pasteur University","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126416273","date":"1998-11-20"}],"source":{"label":"Wikidata","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193496#P166"}}],"office":null,"sections":[],"cited":[],"cited_from":null,"videos":[],"last_reviewed":null,"organizations":[],"same_as":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Cronin","https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193496"],"faq":[{"q":"When was James Cronin born?","a":"James Cronin was born on 29 September 1931 in Chicago."},{"q":"Where did James Cronin study?","a":"James Cronin was educated at Southern Methodist University, University of Chicago, Highland Park High School."}],"related":[{"name":"Jan Koum","url":"https://diginpl.com/people/jan-koum"},{"name":"Joe Gebbia","url":"https://diginpl.com/people/joe-gebbia"},{"name":"Luke Nosek","url":"https://diginpl.com/people/luke-nosek"},{"name":"Miriam Adelson","url":"https://diginpl.com/people/miriam-adelson"},{"name":"Adam Riess","url":"https://diginpl.com/people/adam-riess"},{"name":"Alan J. Heeger","url":"https://diginpl.com/people/alan-j-heeger"},{"name":"Alfred G. Gilman","url":"https://diginpl.com/people/alfred-g-gilman"},{"name":"Alfred Hershey","url":"https://diginpl.com/people/alfred-hershey"},{"name":"Allan MacLeod Cormack","url":"https://diginpl.com/people/allan-macleod-cormack"},{"name":"Andrea M. Ghez","url":"https://diginpl.com/people/andrea-m-ghez"},{"name":"Andrew Fire","url":"https://diginpl.com/people/andrew-fire"},{"name":"Andrew Schally","url":"https://diginpl.com/people/andrew-schally"}],"places_in":[],"nearby":[],"image":{"url":"https://diginpl.com/kb-img/james-cronin-27d6e539f6.jpg","width":500,"height":674,"license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","credit":"Markus Pössel ( Mapos )","page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:James-cronin.jpg"},"sources":[{"label":"Wikipedia (English): James Cronin","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Cronin","license":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/"},{"label":"Wikidata item Q193496","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193496","license":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/"},{"label":"Image: James-cronin.jpg by Markus Pössel ( Mapos ) (CC BY-SA 3.0)","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:James-cronin.jpg","license":null}],"license":{"text":"CC BY-SA 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","facts":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/"},"attribution":"Text from the Wikipedia article James Cronin, licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0. This page's text is shared under the same licence. Facts from Wikidata (CC0). Image: James-cronin.jpg — Markus Pössel ( Mapos ), CC BY-SA 3.0.","cite":"\"James Cronin\". DigiNepal. Last updated 1 November 2026. https://diginpl.com/people/james-cronin. Retrieved 5 November 2026.","date_modified":"2026-11-01T06:59:19Z","facts_checked":"2026-11-05","alternates":{"html":"https://diginpl.com/people/james-cronin","en":"https://diginpl.com/people/james-cronin","ne":"https://diginpl.com/people/james-cronin?lang=ne"}}