{"id":"jacques-monod","type":"person","url":"https://diginpl.com/people/jacques-monod","language":"en","name":"Jacques Monod","name_en":"Jacques Monod","name_ne":null,"description":"French biologist and biochemist, Nobel laureate (1910-1976)","headline":"French biologist and biochemist, Nobel laureate (1910-1976)","also_known_as":[],"summary":"Jacques Lucien Monod (French: [mɔno]; 9 February 1910 – 31 May 1976) was a French biochemist. He shared the 1965 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with François Jacob and André Lwoff \"for their discoveries concerning genetic control of enzyme and virus synthesis\"","summary_more":["Monod and Jacob became famous for their work on the E. coli lac operon, which encodes proteins necessary for the transport and breakdown of the sugar lactose (lac). From their own work and the work of others, they came up with a model for how the levels of some proteins in a cell are controlled. In their model, the manufacture of a set of related proteins, such as the ones encoded within the lac (lactose) operon, is prevented when a repressor protein, encoded by a regulatory gene, binds to its operator, a specific site in the DNA sequence that is close to the genes encoding the proteins. (It is now known that a repressor bound to an operator physically blocks RNA polymerase from binding to the promoter, the site where transcription of the adjacent genes begins.)","Study of the control of expression of genes in the lac operon provided the first example of a system for the regulation of transcription. Monod also suggested the existence of messenger RNA molecules that link the information encoded in DNA and proteins. For these contributions he is widely regarded as one of the founders of molecular biology."],"facts":[{"key":"born","label":"Born","values":[{"text":"9 February 1910","date":"1910-02-09"}],"source":{"label":"Wikidata","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q231402#P569"}},{"key":"birthplace","label":"Place of birth","values":[{"text":"17th arrondissement of Paris","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197297"}],"source":{"label":"Wikidata","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q231402#P19"}},{"key":"died","label":"Died","values":[{"text":"31 May 1976","date":"1976-05-31"}],"source":{"label":"Wikidata","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q231402#P570"}},{"key":"deathplace","label":"Place of death","values":[{"text":"Cannes","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39984"}],"source":{"label":"Wikidata","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q231402#P20"}},{"key":"citizenship","label":"Citizenship","values":[{"text":"France","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q142"}],"source":{"label":"Wikidata","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q231402#P27"}},{"key":"occupation","label":"Occupation","values":[{"text":"biochemist","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2919046"},{"text":"geneticist","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3126128"},{"text":"physician","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39631"},{"text":"French resistance fighter","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23833535"},{"text":"molecular biologist","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15839206"},{"text":"microbiologist","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3779582"}],"source":{"label":"Wikidata","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q231402#P106"}},{"key":"party","label":"Political party","values":[{"text":"French Communist Party","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192821"}],"source":{"label":"Wikidata","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q231402#P102"}},{"key":"education","label":"Education","values":[{"text":"Science Faculty of Paris","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3064332"}],"source":{"label":"Wikidata","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q231402#P69"}},{"key":"spouse","label":"Spouse","values":[{"text":"Odette Monod-Bruhl","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17350795","start":"1938-09-05","end":"1972-01-15"}],"source":{"label":"Wikidata","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q231402#P26"}},{"key":"positions","label":"Positions held","values":[{"text":"director (1971–1976)","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1162163","start":"1971","end":"1976"}],"source":{"label":"Wikidata","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q231402#P39"}},{"key":"awards","label":"Awards","values":[{"text":"Officer of the Legion of Honour","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10855195","date":"1963"},{"text":"Croix de guerre 1939–1945","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2547676"},{"text":"Knight of the French Order of Academic Palms","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14637182"},{"text":"Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80061","date":"1965"},{"text":"Resistance Medal","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q670473"},{"text":"Carus medal","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1046023","date":"1965"},{"text":"Marjory Stephenson Prize","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6766365","date":"1969"},{"text":"Grand Prix Charles-Leopold Mayer","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q904645","date":"1962"},{"text":"Montyon Science Award","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33139361","date":"1955"},{"text":"Leeuwenhoek Lecture","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6516542","date":"1969"},{"text":"Foreign Member of the Royal Society","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14906020","date":"1968-04-25"}],"source":{"label":"Wikidata","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q231402#P166"}}],"office":null,"sections":[],"cited":[],"cited_from":null,"videos":[],"last_reviewed":null,"organizations":[],"same_as":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_Monod","https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q231402"],"faq":[{"q":"When was Jacques Monod born?","a":"Jacques Monod was born on 9 February 1910 in 17th arrondissement of Paris."},{"q":"What positions has Jacques Monod held?","a":"Positions held by Jacques Monod include: director (1971–1976)."},{"q":"Where did Jacques Monod study?","a":"Jacques Monod was educated at Science Faculty of Paris."}],"related":[{"name":"Donald Trump","url":"https://diginpl.com/people/donald-trump"},{"name":"Chanda Kochhar","url":"https://diginpl.com/people/chanda-kochhar"},{"name":"Evangelos Marinakis","url":"https://diginpl.com/people/evangelos-marinakis"},{"name":"Trevor Hemmings","url":"https://diginpl.com/people/trevor-hemmings"},{"name":"Aliko Dangote","url":"https://diginpl.com/people/aliko-dangote"},{"name":"Owen Richardson","url":"https://diginpl.com/people/owen-richardson"}],"places_in":[],"nearby":[],"image":{"url":"https://diginpl.com/kb-img/jacques-monod-1f2cb94f64.jpg","width":280,"height":396,"license":"Public domain","credit":"Unknown author Unknown author","page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Jacques_Monod_nobel.jpg"},"sources":[{"label":"Wikipedia (English): Jacques Monod","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_Monod","license":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/"},{"label":"Wikidata item Q231402","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q231402","license":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/"},{"label":"Image: Jacques Monod nobel.jpg by Unknown author Unknown author (Public domain)","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Jacques_Monod_nobel.jpg","license":null}],"license":{"text":"CC BY-SA 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","facts":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/"},"attribution":"Text from the Wikipedia article Jacques Monod, licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0. This page's text is shared under the same licence. Facts from Wikidata (CC0). Image: Jacques Monod nobel.jpg — Unknown author Unknown author, Public domain.","cite":"\"Jacques Monod\". DigiNepal. Last updated 31 October 2026. https://diginpl.com/people/jacques-monod. Retrieved 5 November 2026.","date_modified":"2026-10-31T14:28:19Z","facts_checked":"2026-11-05","alternates":{"html":"https://diginpl.com/people/jacques-monod","en":"https://diginpl.com/people/jacques-monod","ne":"https://diginpl.com/people/jacques-monod?lang=ne"}}