{"id":"hassan-ii","type":"person","url":"https://diginpl.com/people/hassan-ii","language":"en","name":"Hassan II","name_en":"Hassan II","name_ne":null,"description":"King of Morocco from 1961 to 1999","headline":"King of Morocco from 1961 to 1999","also_known_as":[],"summary":"Hassan II (Hassan bin Mohammed Al Alaoui; 9 July 1929 – 23 July 1999) was King of Morocco from 1961 until his death in 1999.","summary_more":["Hassan was born in Rabat during the reign of his father, Mohammed V, who would later lead Morocco to independence from French and Spanish rule. He was the eldest son of the sultan and received a dual education that combined traditional Islamic instruction with modern studies at the Royal College in Rabat, before pursuing legal studies at the University of Bordeaux. During the final years of the French protectorate, Hassan became increasingly involved in political and diplomatic affairs, accompanying his father during exile and later taking part in negotiations that culminated in Morocco's independence in 1956. As crown prince, he quickly emerged as a central political figure within the newly independent state and was named commander-in-chief of the Royal Armed Forces by his father.","Upon his accession to the throne in 1961, Hassan inherited a fragile political system as many parts of the country were still under foreign control, and police and military were scattered and often controlled by political parties. In 1962, he promulgated Morocco's first constitution, which formally established a constitutional monarchy and a multi-party political system while reserving extensive executive powers for the king. His early reign was marked by significant instability, including the Sand War with Algeria in 1963 and growing domestic opposition that culminated in the Casablanca protests of 1965. In response, he declared a state of exception and ruled by decree for several years. He oversaw the recovery of Sidi Ifni from Spain in 1969.","His position was further threatened by two major coup attempts—the Skhirat attack in 1971 and the air force attack in 1972—both of which he survived, reinforcing his determination to centralize power and maintain control…"],"facts":[{"key":"born","label":"Born","values":[{"text":"9 July 1929","date":"1929-07-09"}],"source":{"label":"Wikidata","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q69103#P569"}},{"key":"birthplace","label":"Place of birth","values":[{"text":"Rabat","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3551"}],"source":{"label":"Wikidata","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q69103#P19"}},{"key":"died","label":"Died","values":[{"text":"23 July 1999","date":"1999-07-23"}],"source":{"label":"Wikidata","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q69103#P570"}},{"key":"deathplace","label":"Place of death","values":[{"text":"Rabat","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3551"}],"source":{"label":"Wikidata","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q69103#P20"}},{"key":"citizenship","label":"Citizenship","values":[{"text":"Morocco","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1028"}],"source":{"label":"Wikidata","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q69103#P27"}},{"key":"occupation","label":"Occupation","values":[{"text":"entrepreneur","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131524"},{"text":"politician","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82955"},{"text":"monarch","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q116"},{"text":"statesperson","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q372436"},{"text":"diplomat","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193391"},{"text":"chancellor","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q373085"}],"source":{"label":"Wikidata","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q69103#P106"}},{"key":"education","label":"Education","values":[{"text":"Collège Royal","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15302213"},{"text":"Imperial College London","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189022"},{"text":"University of Bordeaux","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13344"}],"source":{"label":"Wikidata","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q69103#P69"}},{"key":"spouse","label":"Spouse","values":[{"text":"Lalla Latifa","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2164270"}],"source":{"label":"Wikidata","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q69103#P26"}},{"key":"positions","label":"Positions held","values":[{"text":"chairperson of the Organisation of African Unity (12 June 1972 – 27 May 1973)","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19161632","start":"1972-06-12","end":"1973-05-27"},{"text":"King of Morocco (26 February 1961 – 23 July 1999)","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14566719","start":"1961-02-26","end":"1999-07-23"}],"source":{"label":"Wikidata","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q69103#P39"}},{"key":"awards","label":"Awards","values":[{"text":"Order of the Yugoslav Star","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q747248","date":"1961-04-01"},{"text":"Knight Grand Cross with Collar of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14539990","date":"1961-11-25"},{"text":"honorary doctor of the University of Bordeaux","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q93578093","date":"1963"},{"text":"Order of Pahlavi","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2399167","date":"1966-06-11"},{"text":"Collar of the Order of Charles III","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20866626","date":"1979-06-02"},{"text":"Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12177451","date":"1980-10-27"},{"text":"honorary doctor of the Paul Cézanne University","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126416250","date":"1988"},{"text":"Order of the Elephant","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q976544","date":"1988-02-15"},{"text":"Knight Grand Cross with Collar of the Order of Alfonso X","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20955239","date":"1989-09-22"},{"text":"Grand Collar of the Order of Prince Henry","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20859482","date":"1994-02-18"},{"text":"Grand Collar of the Military Order of Saint James of the Sword","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20886603","date":"1994-08-25"},{"text":"Order of Ouissam Alaouite","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q369412"},{"text":"Grand Cross of the Order of the Redeemer","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21450802"},{"text":"Grand Cross of the Legion of Honour","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10855226"},{"text":"Royal Victorian Chain","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2171187"}],"source":{"label":"Wikidata","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q69103#P166"}}],"office":null,"sections":[],"cited":[],"cited_from":null,"videos":[],"last_reviewed":null,"organizations":[],"same_as":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hassan_II","https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q69103"],"faq":[{"q":"When was Hassan II born?","a":"Hassan II was born on 9 July 1929 in Rabat."},{"q":"What positions has Hassan II held?","a":"Positions held by Hassan II include: chairperson of the Organisation of African Unity (1972–1973); King of Morocco (1961–1999)."},{"q":"Where did Hassan II study?","a":"Hassan II was educated at Collège Royal, Imperial College London, University of Bordeaux."}],"related":[{"name":"Hosni Mubarak","url":"https://diginpl.com/people/hosni-mubarak"},{"name":"Gamal Abdel Nasser","url":"https://diginpl.com/people/gamal-abdel-nasser"},{"name":"Seewoosagur Ramgoolam","url":"https://diginpl.com/people/seewoosagur-ramgoolam"},{"name":"Siaka Stevens","url":"https://diginpl.com/people/siaka-stevens"},{"name":"Kwame Nkrumah","url":"https://diginpl.com/people/kwame-nkrumah"},{"name":"Julius Nyerere","url":"https://diginpl.com/people/julius-nyerere"},{"name":"Mohammed VI of Morocco","url":"https://diginpl.com/people/mohammed-vi-of-morocco"},{"name":"Muhammad V of Morocco","url":"https://diginpl.com/people/muhammad-v-of-morocco"}],"places_in":[],"nearby":[],"image":{"url":"https://diginpl.com/kb-img/hassan-ii-be1e93505d.jpg","width":500,"height":702,"license":"CC BY 4.0","credit":"Christian Lambiotte","page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Hassan_II_(1983).jpg"},"sources":[{"label":"Wikipedia (English): Hassan II","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hassan_II","license":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/"},{"label":"Wikidata item Q69103","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q69103","license":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/"},{"label":"Image: Hassan II (1983).jpg by Christian Lambiotte (CC BY 4.0)","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Hassan_II_(1983).jpg","license":null}],"license":{"text":"CC BY-SA 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","facts":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/"},"attribution":"Text from the Wikipedia article Hassan II, licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0. This page's text is shared under the same licence. Facts from Wikidata (CC0). Image: Hassan II (1983).jpg — Christian Lambiotte, CC BY 4.0.","cite":"\"Hassan II\". DigiNepal. Last updated 31 October 2026. https://diginpl.com/people/hassan-ii. Retrieved 4 November 2026.","date_modified":"2026-10-31T13:59:50Z","facts_checked":"2026-11-04","alternates":{"html":"https://diginpl.com/people/hassan-ii","en":"https://diginpl.com/people/hassan-ii","ne":"https://diginpl.com/people/hassan-ii?lang=ne"}}