{"id":"grace-hopper","type":"person","url":"https://diginpl.com/people/grace-hopper","language":"en","name":"Grace Hopper","name_en":"Grace Hopper","name_ne":null,"description":"American computer scientist and United States Navy officer (1906–1992)","headline":"American computer scientist and United States Navy officer (1906–1992)","also_known_as":[],"summary":"Grace Brewster Hopper was an American computer scientist, mathematician, and United States Navy rear admiral. She was a pioneer of computer programming. Hopper was the first to devise the theory of machine-independent programming languages, and used this theory to develop the FLOW-MATIC programming language, which was a major influence on COBOL, an early high-level programming language still in use today. She was also one of the first programmers on the Harvard Mark I computer. She is credited with writing the first computer manual, \"A Manual of Operation for the Automatic Sequence Controlled Calculator\", and is often credited with creating the first compiler.","summary_more":[],"facts":[{"key":"born","label":"Born","values":[{"text":"9 December 1906","date":"1906-12-09"}],"source":{"label":"Wikidata","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11641#P569"}},{"key":"birthplace","label":"Place of birth","values":[{"text":"New York City","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60"}],"source":{"label":"Wikidata","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11641#P19"}},{"key":"died","label":"Died","values":[{"text":"1 January 1992","date":"1992-01-01"}],"source":{"label":"Wikidata","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11641#P570"}},{"key":"deathplace","label":"Place of death","values":[{"text":"Arlington County","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q107126"}],"source":{"label":"Wikidata","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11641#P20"}},{"key":"citizenship","label":"Citizenship","values":[{"text":"United States","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30"}],"source":{"label":"Wikidata","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11641#P27"}},{"key":"occupation","label":"Occupation","values":[{"text":"mathematician","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170790"},{"text":"naval officer","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10669499"},{"text":"computer scientist","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82594"},{"text":"university teacher","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1622272"},{"text":"programmer","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5482740"},{"text":"physicist","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q169470"}],"source":{"label":"Wikidata","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11641#P106"}},{"key":"education","label":"Education","values":[{"text":"Vassar College","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2093794","start":"1924","end":"1928"},{"text":"Yale University","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q49112","start":"1928","end":"1930"},{"text":"Yale University","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q49112","end":"1934"},{"text":"Wardlaw-Hartridge School","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7969164","start":"1923","end":"1924"}],"source":{"label":"Wikidata","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11641#P69"}},{"key":"spouse","label":"Spouse","values":[{"text":"Vincent Foster Hopper","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q109324610","start":"1930","end":"1945"}],"source":{"label":"Wikidata","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11641#P26"}},{"key":"awards","label":"Awards","values":[{"text":"Defense Distinguished Service Medal","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q531410","date":"1985"},{"text":"Legionnaire of Legion of Merit","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17231624","date":"1973"},{"text":"National Medal of Technology and Innovation","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q937629","date":"1991"},{"text":"National Women's Hall of Fame","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1967852","date":"1994"},{"text":"IEEE Emanuel R. Piore Award","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5970360","date":"1988"},{"text":"American Campaign Medal","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2338107"},{"text":"Distinguished Fellow of the British Computer Society","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5204895","date":"1973"},{"text":"Presidential Medal of Freedom","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17144","date":"2016"},{"text":"Computer History Museum Fellow","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q29545180","date":"1987"},{"text":"Wilbur Cross Medal","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8000166","date":"1972"},{"text":"World War II Victory Medal","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2079534"},{"text":"W. Wallace McDowell Award","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2536791","date":"1979"},{"text":"Meritorious Service Medal","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1760530"},{"text":"National Defense Service Medal","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2611552"},{"text":"Society of Women Engineers Achievement Award","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56876092","date":"1964"}],"source":{"label":"Wikidata","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11641#P166"}}],"office":null,"sections":[],"cited":[],"cited_from":null,"videos":[],"last_reviewed":null,"organizations":[],"same_as":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grace_Hopper","https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11641"],"faq":[{"q":"When was Grace Hopper born?","a":"Grace Hopper was born on 9 December 1906 in New York City."},{"q":"Where did Grace Hopper study?","a":"Grace Hopper was educated at Vassar College, Yale University, Yale University, Wardlaw-Hartridge School."}],"related":[{"name":"Thomas Edison","url":"https://diginpl.com/people/thomas-edison"},{"name":"Tim Berners-Lee","url":"https://diginpl.com/people/tim-berners-lee"},{"name":"Johannes Gutenberg","url":"https://diginpl.com/people/johannes-gutenberg"},{"name":"Barack Obama","url":"https://diginpl.com/people/barack-obama"},{"name":"Donald Trump","url":"https://diginpl.com/people/donald-trump"},{"name":"Ronald Reagan","url":"https://diginpl.com/people/ronald-reagan"},{"name":"Abraham Lincoln","url":"https://diginpl.com/people/abraham-lincoln"},{"name":"George W. Bush","url":"https://diginpl.com/people/george-w-bush"},{"name":"Joe Biden","url":"https://diginpl.com/people/joe-biden"},{"name":"George Washington","url":"https://diginpl.com/people/george-washington"},{"name":"John F. Kennedy","url":"https://diginpl.com/people/john-f-kennedy"},{"name":"Franklin D. Roosevelt","url":"https://diginpl.com/people/franklin-d-roosevelt"}],"places_in":[],"nearby":[],"image":{"url":"https://diginpl.com/kb-img/grace-hopper-e5b8bd5123.jpg","width":500,"height":666,"license":"Public domain","credit":"James S. Davis","page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Commodore_Grace_M._Hopper,_USN_(covered)_head_and_shoulders_crop.jpg"},"sources":[{"label":"Wikipedia (English): Grace Hopper","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grace_Hopper","license":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/"},{"label":"Wikidata item Q11641","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11641","license":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/"},{"label":"Image: Commodore Grace M. Hopper, USN (covered) head and shoulders crop.jpg by James S. Davis (Public domain)","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Commodore_Grace_M._Hopper,_USN_(covered)_head_and_shoulders_crop.jpg","license":null}],"license":{"text":"CC BY-SA 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","facts":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/"},"attribution":"Text from the Wikipedia article Grace Hopper, licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0. This page's text is shared under the same licence. Facts from Wikidata (CC0). Image: Commodore Grace M. Hopper, USN (covered) head and shoulders crop.jpg — James S. Davis, Public domain.","cite":"\"Grace Hopper\". DigiNepal. Last updated 1 November 2026. https://diginpl.com/people/grace-hopper. Retrieved 4 November 2026.","date_modified":"2026-11-01T01:28:18Z","facts_checked":"2026-11-04","alternates":{"html":"https://diginpl.com/people/grace-hopper","en":"https://diginpl.com/people/grace-hopper","ne":"https://diginpl.com/people/grace-hopper?lang=ne"}}