{"id":"georges-j-f-kohler","type":"person","url":"https://diginpl.com/people/georges-j-f-kohler","language":"en","name":"Georges J. F. Köhler","name_en":"Georges J. F. Köhler","name_ne":null,"description":"German immunologist (1946–1995)","headline":"German immunologist (1946–1995)","also_known_as":[],"summary":"Georges Jean Franz Köhler (German pronunciation: [ˈʒɔʁʃ ˈkøːlɐ] ; 17 April 1946 – 1 March 1995) was a German biologist and immunologist who shared the 1984 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with César Milstein and Niels Kaj Jerne \"for theories concerning the specificity in development and control of the immune system and the discovery of the principle for production of monoclonal antibodies\". Köhler and Milstein developed the hybridoma technique, a method for producing monoclonal antibodies of predefined specificity by fusing antibody-producing B cells with immortal myeloma cells.","summary_more":["The technique became a foundational tool in immunology, cell biology, biotechnology, medical diagnostics and antibody-based therapeutics. Köhler later worked at the Basel Institute for Immunology and became director of the Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology in Freiburg im Breisgau, where he remained until his death in 1995."],"facts":[{"key":"born","label":"Born","values":[{"text":"17 April 1946","date":"1946-04-17"}],"source":{"label":"Wikidata","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77160#P569"}},{"key":"birthplace","label":"Place of birth","values":[{"text":"Munich","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1726"}],"source":{"label":"Wikidata","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77160#P19"}},{"key":"died","label":"Died","values":[{"text":"1 March 1995","date":"1995-03-01"}],"source":{"label":"Wikidata","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77160#P570"}},{"key":"deathplace","label":"Place of death","values":[{"text":"Freiburg im Breisgau","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2833"}],"source":{"label":"Wikidata","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77160#P20"}},{"key":"citizenship","label":"Citizenship","values":[{"text":"Germany","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183"}],"source":{"label":"Wikidata","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77160#P27"}},{"key":"occupation","label":"Occupation","values":[{"text":"biologist","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q864503"},{"text":"immunologist","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12119633"},{"text":"chemist","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q593644"},{"text":"university teacher","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1622272"}],"source":{"label":"Wikidata","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77160#P106"}},{"key":"education","label":"Education","values":[{"text":"University of Freiburg","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q153987"}],"source":{"label":"Wikidata","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77160#P69"}},{"key":"awards","label":"Awards","values":[{"text":"Albert Lasker Award for Basic Medical Research","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q999734","date":"1984"},{"text":"Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80061","date":"1984"},{"text":"Carus medal","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1046023","date":"1985"},{"text":"Canada Gairdner International Award","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1031994","date":"1981"},{"text":"Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Prize","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1468630","date":"1978"},{"text":"Bavarian Maximilian Order for Science and Art","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q565030","date":"1986"},{"text":"John Scott Award","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3332215","date":"1984"},{"text":"honorary doctorate of Hasselt University","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105979196","date":"1983-05-28"},{"text":"Karl Landsteiner Memorial Award","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1732108"}],"source":{"label":"Wikidata","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77160#P166"}}],"office":null,"sections":[],"cited":[],"cited_from":null,"videos":[],"last_reviewed":null,"organizations":[],"same_as":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georges_J._F._K%C3%B6hler","https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77160"],"faq":[{"q":"When was Georges J. F. Köhler born?","a":"Georges J. F. Köhler was born on 17 April 1946 in Munich."},{"q":"Where did Georges J. F. Köhler study?","a":"Georges J. F. Köhler was educated at University of Freiburg."}],"related":[{"name":"Adolf Windaus","url":"https://diginpl.com/people/adolf-windaus"},{"name":"Albrecht Kossel","url":"https://diginpl.com/people/albrecht-kossel"},{"name":"Arno Allan Penzias","url":"https://diginpl.com/people/arno-allan-penzias"},{"name":"Benjamin List","url":"https://diginpl.com/people/benjamin-list"},{"name":"Bernard Katz","url":"https://diginpl.com/people/bernard-katz"},{"name":"Bert Sakmann","url":"https://diginpl.com/people/bert-sakmann"},{"name":"Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard","url":"https://diginpl.com/people/christiane-nusslein-volhard"},{"name":"Ernst Otto Fischer","url":"https://diginpl.com/people/ernst-otto-fischer"},{"name":"Ernst Ruska","url":"https://diginpl.com/people/ernst-ruska"},{"name":"Erwin Neher","url":"https://diginpl.com/people/erwin-neher"},{"name":"Feodor Lynen","url":"https://diginpl.com/people/feodor-lynen"},{"name":"Friedrich Bergius","url":"https://diginpl.com/people/friedrich-bergius"}],"places_in":[],"nearby":[],"image":{"url":"https://diginpl.com/kb-img/georges-j-f-kohler-7019e72bab.jpg","width":423,"height":676,"license":"CC BY 3.0 de","credit":"Willy Pragher","page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:40._Tagung_1990_Mediziner_Portraits;_Prof._K%C3%B6hler_(Freiburg)_-_W134Nr.126381c1_-_Willy_Pragher_(cropped).jpg"},"sources":[{"label":"Wikipedia (English): Georges J. F. Köhler","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georges_J._F._K%C3%B6hler","license":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/"},{"label":"Wikidata item Q77160","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77160","license":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/"},{"label":"Image: 40. Tagung 1990 Mediziner Portraits; Prof. Köhler (Freiburg) - W134Nr.126381c1 - Willy Pragher (cropped).jpg by Willy Pragher (CC BY 3.0 de)","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:40._Tagung_1990_Mediziner_Portraits;_Prof._K%C3%B6hler_(Freiburg)_-_W134Nr.126381c1_-_Willy_Pragher_(cropped).jpg","license":null}],"license":{"text":"CC BY-SA 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","facts":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/"},"attribution":"Text from the Wikipedia article Georges J. F. Köhler, licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0. This page's text is shared under the same licence. Facts from Wikidata (CC0). Image: 40. Tagung 1990 Mediziner Portraits; Prof. Köhler (Freiburg) - W134Nr.126381c1 - Willy Pragher (cropped).jpg — Willy Pragher, CC BY 3.0 de.","cite":"\"Georges J. F. Köhler\". DigiNepal. Last updated 31 October 2026. https://diginpl.com/people/georges-j-f-kohler. Retrieved 6 November 2026.","date_modified":"2026-10-31T12:00:53Z","facts_checked":"2026-11-06","alternates":{"html":"https://diginpl.com/people/georges-j-f-kohler","en":"https://diginpl.com/people/georges-j-f-kohler","ne":"https://diginpl.com/people/georges-j-f-kohler?lang=ne"}}