{"id":"frederick-reines","type":"person","url":"https://diginpl.com/people/frederick-reines","language":"en","name":"Frederick Reines","name_en":"Frederick Reines","name_ne":null,"description":"American physicist (1918–1998)","headline":"American physicist (1918–1998)","also_known_as":[],"summary":"Frederick Reines ( RY-nəs; March 16, 1918 – August 26, 1998) was an American physicist. He was awarded the 1995 Nobel Prize in Physics for his co-detection of the neutrino with Clyde Cowan in the neutrino experiment. He may be the only scientist in history \"so intimately associated with the discovery of an elementary particle and the subsequent thorough investigation of its fundamental properties.\"","summary_more":["A graduate of Stevens Institute of Technology and New York University, Reines joined the Manhattan Project's Los Alamos Laboratory in 1944, working in the Theoretical Division in Richard Feynman's group. He became a group leader there in 1946. He participated in a number of nuclear tests, culminating in his becoming the director of the Operation Greenhouse test series in the Pacific in 1951.","In the early 1950s, working in Hanford and Savannah River Sites, Reines and Cowan developed the equipment and procedures with which they first detected the supposedly undetectable neutrinos in June 1956. Reines dedicated the major part of his career to the study of the neutrino's properties and interactions, which work would influence study of the neutrino for many researchers to come. This included the detection of neutrinos created in the atmosphere by cosmic rays, and the 1987 detection of neutrinos emitted from Supernova SN1987A, which inaugurated the field of neutrino astronomy."],"facts":[{"key":"born","label":"Born","values":[{"text":"16 March 1918","date":"1918-03-16"}],"source":{"label":"Wikidata","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191922#P569"}},{"key":"birthplace","label":"Place of birth","values":[{"text":"Paterson","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q138391"}],"source":{"label":"Wikidata","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191922#P19"}},{"key":"died","label":"Died","values":[{"text":"26 August 1998","date":"1998-08-26"}],"source":{"label":"Wikidata","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191922#P570"}},{"key":"deathplace","label":"Place of death","values":[{"text":"Orange","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q491350"}],"source":{"label":"Wikidata","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191922#P20"}},{"key":"citizenship","label":"Citizenship","values":[{"text":"United States","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30"}],"source":{"label":"Wikidata","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191922#P27"}},{"key":"occupation","label":"Occupation","values":[{"text":"physicist","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q169470"},{"text":"university teacher","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1622272"},{"text":"Nobel Prize winner","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q115784320"}],"source":{"label":"Wikidata","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191922#P106"}},{"key":"education","label":"Education","values":[{"text":"New York University","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q49210"},{"text":"Stevens Institute of Technology","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q657222"},{"text":"Union Hill High School","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14705895"}],"source":{"label":"Wikidata","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191922#P69"}},{"key":"awards","label":"Awards","values":[{"text":"Guggenheim Fellowship","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1316544"},{"text":"Nobel Prize in Physics","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38104","date":"1995"},{"text":"National Medal of Science","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q737051","date":"1983"},{"text":"J. Robert Oppenheimer Memorial Prize","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23055126","date":"1981"},{"text":"Franklin Medal","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3141777","date":"1992"},{"text":"Panofsky Prize","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q891037","date":"1992"},{"text":"Eagle Scout","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3046356"}],"source":{"label":"Wikidata","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191922#P166"}}],"office":null,"sections":[],"cited":[],"cited_from":null,"videos":[],"last_reviewed":null,"organizations":[],"same_as":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Reines","https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191922"],"faq":[{"q":"When was Frederick Reines born?","a":"Frederick Reines was born on 16 March 1918 in Paterson."},{"q":"Where did Frederick Reines study?","a":"Frederick Reines was educated at New York University, Stevens Institute of Technology, Union Hill High School."}],"related":[{"name":"Jan Koum","url":"https://diginpl.com/people/jan-koum"},{"name":"Joe Gebbia","url":"https://diginpl.com/people/joe-gebbia"},{"name":"Luke Nosek","url":"https://diginpl.com/people/luke-nosek"},{"name":"Miriam Adelson","url":"https://diginpl.com/people/miriam-adelson"},{"name":"Adam Riess","url":"https://diginpl.com/people/adam-riess"},{"name":"Alan J. Heeger","url":"https://diginpl.com/people/alan-j-heeger"},{"name":"Alfred G. Gilman","url":"https://diginpl.com/people/alfred-g-gilman"},{"name":"Alfred Hershey","url":"https://diginpl.com/people/alfred-hershey"},{"name":"Allan MacLeod Cormack","url":"https://diginpl.com/people/allan-macleod-cormack"},{"name":"Andrea M. Ghez","url":"https://diginpl.com/people/andrea-m-ghez"},{"name":"Andrew Fire","url":"https://diginpl.com/people/andrew-fire"},{"name":"Andrew Schally","url":"https://diginpl.com/people/andrew-schally"}],"places_in":[],"nearby":[],"image":{"url":"https://diginpl.com/kb-img/frederick-reines-1d0fc23b3f.jpg","width":350,"height":430,"license":"Public domain","credit":null,"page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Frederick_Reines.jpg"},"sources":[{"label":"Wikipedia (English): Frederick Reines","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Reines","license":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/"},{"label":"Wikidata item Q191922","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191922","license":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/"},{"label":"Image: Frederick Reines.jpg (Public domain)","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Frederick_Reines.jpg","license":null}],"license":{"text":"CC BY-SA 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","facts":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/"},"attribution":"Text from the Wikipedia article Frederick Reines, licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0. This page's text is shared under the same licence. Facts from Wikidata (CC0). Image: Frederick Reines.jpg, Public domain.","cite":"\"Frederick Reines\". DigiNepal. Last updated 1 November 2026. https://diginpl.com/people/frederick-reines. Retrieved 5 November 2026.","date_modified":"2026-11-01T06:59:19Z","facts_checked":"2026-11-05","alternates":{"html":"https://diginpl.com/people/frederick-reines","en":"https://diginpl.com/people/frederick-reines","ne":"https://diginpl.com/people/frederick-reines?lang=ne"}}