{"id":"edouard-alfred-martel","type":"person","url":"https://diginpl.com/people/edouard-alfred-martel","language":"en","name":"Édouard-Alfred Martel","name_en":"Édouard-Alfred Martel","name_ne":null,"description":"French cave explorer (1859–1938)","headline":"French cave explorer (1859–1938)","also_known_as":[],"summary":"Édouard-Alfred Martel was a French lawyer who was a world pioneer of cave exploration, study, and documentation, hence becoming known as the \"father of modern speleology\". Martel explored thousands of caves in his native France and many other countries, popularised the pursuit of cave exploration, introduced the concept of speleology as a distinct area of scientific study, maintained an extensive archive, and in 1895 founded the Société de Spéléologie, the first organisation devoted to cave science in the world.","summary_more":[],"facts":[{"key":"born","label":"Born","values":[{"text":"1 July 1859","date":"1859-07-01"}],"source":{"label":"Wikidata","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q274217#P569"}},{"key":"birthplace","label":"Place of birth","values":[{"text":"Pontoise","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201352"}],"source":{"label":"Wikidata","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q274217#P19"}},{"key":"died","label":"Died","values":[{"text":"3 June 1938","date":"1938-06-03"}],"source":{"label":"Wikidata","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q274217#P570"}},{"key":"deathplace","label":"Place of death","values":[{"text":"Saint-Thomas-la-Garde","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1106382"}],"source":{"label":"Wikidata","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q274217#P20"}},{"key":"citizenship","label":"Citizenship","values":[{"text":"France","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q142"}],"source":{"label":"Wikidata","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q274217#P27"}},{"key":"occupation","label":"Occupation","values":[{"text":"speleologist","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16742175"},{"text":"lawyer","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40348"},{"text":"geologist","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q520549"},{"text":"geographer","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901402"}],"source":{"label":"Wikidata","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q274217#P106"}},{"key":"education","label":"Education","values":[{"text":"Lycée Condorcet","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q926749"}],"source":{"label":"Wikidata","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q274217#P69"}},{"key":"positions","label":"Positions held","values":[{"text":"president (1928–1931)","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30461","start":"1928","end":"1931"},{"text":"editor-in-chief (1905–1909)","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q589298","start":"1905","end":"1909"},{"text":"vice president","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42178","date":"1912"}],"source":{"label":"Wikidata","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q274217#P39"}},{"key":"awards","label":"Awards","values":[{"text":"Commander of the Legion of Honour","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10855212","date":"1927-06-10"},{"text":"Concours général","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q908793","date":"1877"},{"text":"Club Cévenol's Medal","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60040575","date":"1926"},{"text":"Médaille d'honneur des épidémies","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2910323","date":"1922-01-12"}],"source":{"label":"Wikidata","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q274217#P166"}}],"office":null,"sections":[],"cited":[],"cited_from":null,"videos":[],"last_reviewed":null,"organizations":[],"same_as":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89douard-Alfred_Martel","https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q274217"],"faq":[{"q":"When was Édouard-Alfred Martel born?","a":"Édouard-Alfred Martel was born on 1 July 1859 in Pontoise."},{"q":"What positions has Édouard-Alfred Martel held?","a":"Positions held by Édouard-Alfred Martel include: president (1928–1931); editor-in-chief (1905–1909); vice president."},{"q":"Where did Édouard-Alfred Martel study?","a":"Édouard-Alfred Martel was educated at Lycée Condorcet."}],"related":[{"name":"Hosni Mubarak","url":"https://diginpl.com/people/hosni-mubarak"},{"name":"Gamal Abdel Nasser","url":"https://diginpl.com/people/gamal-abdel-nasser"},{"name":"Mohamed Morsi","url":"https://diginpl.com/people/mohamed-morsi"},{"name":"Mohamed Naguib","url":"https://diginpl.com/people/mohamed-naguib"},{"name":"Abdul Rahman Arif","url":"https://diginpl.com/people/abdul-rahman-arif"},{"name":"Muhammad Najib ar-Ruba'i","url":"https://diginpl.com/people/muhammad-najib-ar-ruba-i"},{"name":"Alexander Prokhorov","url":"https://diginpl.com/people/alexander-prokhorov"},{"name":"Michel Chevalier","url":"https://diginpl.com/people/michel-chevalier"},{"name":"Robert de Saint-Jean","url":"https://diginpl.com/people/robert-de-saint-jean"},{"name":"Vincent Hervouët","url":"https://diginpl.com/people/vincent-hervouet"},{"name":"Claude Gauvard","url":"https://diginpl.com/people/claude-gauvard"},{"name":"Yves Guyot","url":"https://diginpl.com/people/yves-guyot"}],"places_in":[],"nearby":[],"image":{"url":"https://diginpl.com/kb-img/edouard-alfred-martel-19a0c8cfe3.jpg","width":500,"height":692,"license":"Public domain","credit":"Nadar","page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%C3%89douard-Alfred_Martel_(Nadar).jpg"},"sources":[{"label":"Wikipedia (English): Édouard-Alfred Martel","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89douard-Alfred_Martel","license":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/"},{"label":"Wikidata item Q274217","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q274217","license":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/"},{"label":"Image: Édouard-Alfred Martel (Nadar).jpg by Nadar (Public domain)","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%C3%89douard-Alfred_Martel_(Nadar).jpg","license":null}],"license":{"text":"CC BY-SA 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","facts":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/"},"attribution":"Text from the Wikipedia article Édouard-Alfred Martel, licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0. This page's text is shared under the same licence. Facts from Wikidata (CC0). Image: Édouard-Alfred Martel (Nadar).jpg — Nadar, Public domain.","cite":"\"Édouard-Alfred Martel\". DigiNepal. Last updated 1 November 2026. https://diginpl.com/people/edouard-alfred-martel. Retrieved 4 November 2026.","date_modified":"2026-11-01T06:59:19Z","facts_checked":"2026-11-04","alternates":{"html":"https://diginpl.com/people/edouard-alfred-martel","en":"https://diginpl.com/people/edouard-alfred-martel","ne":"https://diginpl.com/people/edouard-alfred-martel?lang=ne"}}