{"id":"arthur-leonard-schawlow","type":"person","url":"https://diginpl.com/people/arthur-leonard-schawlow","language":"en","name":"Arthur Leonard Schawlow","name_en":"Arthur Leonard Schawlow","name_ne":null,"description":"American physicist","headline":"American physicist","also_known_as":[],"summary":"Arthur Leonard Schawlow was an American physicist who, along with Charles Townes, developed the theoretical basis for laser science. His central insight was the use of two mirrors as the resonant cavity to take maser action from microwaves to visible wavelengths. He shared the 1981 Nobel Prize in Physics with Nicolaas Bloembergen and Kai Siegbahn for his work using lasers to determine atomic energy levels with great precision.","summary_more":[],"facts":[{"key":"born","label":"Born","values":[{"text":"5 May 1921","date":"1921-05-05"}],"source":{"label":"Wikidata","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190503#P569"}},{"key":"birthplace","label":"Place of birth","values":[{"text":"Mount Vernon","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q835831"}],"source":{"label":"Wikidata","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190503#P19"}},{"key":"died","label":"Died","values":[{"text":"28 April 1999","date":"1999-04-28"}],"source":{"label":"Wikidata","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190503#P570"}},{"key":"deathplace","label":"Place of death","values":[{"text":"Palo Alto","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47265"}],"source":{"label":"Wikidata","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190503#P20"}},{"key":"citizenship","label":"Citizenship","values":[{"text":"United States","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30"}],"source":{"label":"Wikidata","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190503#P27"}},{"key":"occupation","label":"Occupation","values":[{"text":"physicist","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q169470"},{"text":"university teacher","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1622272"},{"text":"inventor","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205375"}],"source":{"label":"Wikidata","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190503#P106"}},{"key":"education","label":"Education","values":[{"text":"University of Toronto","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180865"},{"text":"Vaughan Road Academy","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7917312"}],"source":{"label":"Wikidata","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190503#P69"}},{"key":"awards","label":"Awards","values":[{"text":"Nobel Prize in Physics","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38104","date":"1981"},{"text":"Frederic Ives Medal","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1452721","date":"1976"},{"text":"Stuart Ballantine Medal","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7626301","date":"1962"},{"text":"National Medal of Science","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q737051","date":"1991"},{"text":"Marconi Prize","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q473292","date":"1977"},{"text":"National Inventors Hall of Fame","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1366018","date":"1996"},{"text":"Humboldt Research Fellowship","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28854612"},{"text":"IEEE Morris N. Liebmann Memorial Award","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576885","date":"1964"},{"text":"Young Medal and Prize","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8058296","date":"1963"},{"text":"Richtmyer Memorial Lecture Award","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7331107","date":"1970"},{"text":"Humboldt Prize","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q873412"},{"text":"Fellow of the Optical Society","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7072982"}],"source":{"label":"Wikidata","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190503#P166"}}],"office":null,"sections":[],"cited":[],"cited_from":null,"videos":[],"last_reviewed":null,"organizations":[],"same_as":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_Leonard_Schawlow","https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190503"],"faq":[{"q":"When was Arthur Leonard Schawlow born?","a":"Arthur Leonard Schawlow was born on 5 May 1921 in Mount Vernon."},{"q":"Where did Arthur Leonard Schawlow study?","a":"Arthur Leonard Schawlow was educated at University of Toronto, Vaughan Road Academy."}],"related":[{"name":"Jan Koum","url":"https://diginpl.com/people/jan-koum"},{"name":"Joe Gebbia","url":"https://diginpl.com/people/joe-gebbia"},{"name":"Luke Nosek","url":"https://diginpl.com/people/luke-nosek"},{"name":"Miriam Adelson","url":"https://diginpl.com/people/miriam-adelson"},{"name":"Adam Riess","url":"https://diginpl.com/people/adam-riess"},{"name":"Alan J. Heeger","url":"https://diginpl.com/people/alan-j-heeger"},{"name":"Alfred G. Gilman","url":"https://diginpl.com/people/alfred-g-gilman"},{"name":"Alfred Hershey","url":"https://diginpl.com/people/alfred-hershey"},{"name":"Allan MacLeod Cormack","url":"https://diginpl.com/people/allan-macleod-cormack"},{"name":"Andrea M. Ghez","url":"https://diginpl.com/people/andrea-m-ghez"},{"name":"Andrew Fire","url":"https://diginpl.com/people/andrew-fire"},{"name":"Andrew Schally","url":"https://diginpl.com/people/andrew-schally"}],"places_in":[],"nearby":[],"image":{"url":"https://diginpl.com/kb-img/arthur-leonard-schawlow-5a62a4d2c0.jpg","width":200,"height":250,"license":"CC BY 3.0","credit":"Jose Mercado / Stanford News Service","page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Artur_Schawlow,_Stanford_University.jpg"},"sources":[{"label":"Wikipedia (English): Arthur Leonard Schawlow","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_Leonard_Schawlow","license":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/"},{"label":"Wikidata item Q190503","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190503","license":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/"},{"label":"Image: Artur Schawlow, Stanford University.jpg by Jose Mercado / Stanford News Service (CC BY 3.0)","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Artur_Schawlow,_Stanford_University.jpg","license":null}],"license":{"text":"CC BY-SA 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","facts":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/"},"attribution":"Text from the Wikipedia article Arthur Leonard Schawlow, licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0. This page's text is shared under the same licence. Facts from Wikidata (CC0). Image: Artur Schawlow, Stanford University.jpg — Jose Mercado / Stanford News Service, CC BY 3.0.","cite":"\"Arthur Leonard Schawlow\". DigiNepal. Last updated 1 November 2026. https://diginpl.com/people/arthur-leonard-schawlow. Retrieved 6 November 2026.","date_modified":"2026-11-01T06:59:19Z","facts_checked":"2026-11-06","alternates":{"html":"https://diginpl.com/people/arthur-leonard-schawlow","en":"https://diginpl.com/people/arthur-leonard-schawlow","ne":"https://diginpl.com/people/arthur-leonard-schawlow?lang=ne"}}