{"id":"abdul-hamid-ii","type":"person","url":"https://diginpl.com/people/abdul-hamid-ii","language":"en","name":"Abdul Hamid II","name_en":"Abdul Hamid II","name_ne":null,"description":"34th Sultan of the Ottoman Empire (1876–1909)","headline":"34th Sultan of the Ottoman Empire (1876–1909)","also_known_as":[],"summary":"Abdülhamid II or Abdul Hamid II was the 34th sultan of the Ottoman Empire, from 1876 to 1909, and the last sultan to exert effective control over the fracturing state. He oversaw a period of decline with rebellions, and presided over an unsuccessful war with the Russian Empire (1877–78), the loss of Egypt, Cyprus, Bulgaria, Serbia, Montenegro, Tunisia, and Thessaly from Ottoman control (1877–1882), followed by a successful war against Greece in 1897, though Ottoman gains were tempered by subsequent Western European intervention.","summary_more":[],"facts":[{"key":"born","label":"Born","values":[{"text":"21 September 1842","date":"1842-09-21"}],"source":{"label":"Wikidata","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q134817#P569"}},{"key":"birthplace","label":"Place of birth","values":[{"text":"Istanbul","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q406"}],"source":{"label":"Wikidata","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q134817#P19"}},{"key":"died","label":"Died","values":[{"text":"10 February 1918","date":"1918-02-10"}],"source":{"label":"Wikidata","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q134817#P570"}},{"key":"deathplace","label":"Place of death","values":[{"text":"Beylerbeyi Palace","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q794349"}],"source":{"label":"Wikidata","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q134817#P20"}},{"key":"citizenship","label":"Citizenship","values":[{"text":"Ottoman Empire","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12560"}],"source":{"label":"Wikidata","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q134817#P27"}},{"key":"occupation","label":"Occupation","values":[{"text":"sovereign","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2304859"}],"source":{"label":"Wikidata","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q134817#P106"}},{"key":"spouse","label":"Spouse","values":[{"text":"Mediha Nazikeda Kadın","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16066430"},{"text":"Nurefsun Kadın","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60191580"},{"text":"Bedrifelek Kadın","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17479244"}],"source":{"label":"Wikidata","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q134817#P26"}},{"key":"positions","label":"Positions held","values":[{"text":"sultan of the Ottoman Empire (31 August 1876 – 27 April 1909)","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15315411","start":"1876-08-31","end":"1909-04-27"}],"source":{"label":"Wikidata","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q134817#P39"}},{"key":"awards","label":"Awards","values":[{"text":"Knight of the Order of the Golden Fleece","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15117228"},{"text":"Order of the Black Eagle","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q94145"},{"text":"Royal Order of the Seraphim","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1331130"},{"text":"Knight Grand Cross of the Order of St. Olav‎","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13377518"},{"text":"Order of the Most Holy Annunciation","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q567417"},{"text":"Grand Cross of the Order of the Tower and Sword","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q66659610"},{"text":"Grand Commander of the Royal House Order of Hohenzollern","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q86449696"},{"text":"Royal Order of Kamehameha I","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1759084"},{"text":"Order of Saint Hubert","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q699459"},{"text":"Order of the Chrysanthemum","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q696246"},{"text":"Order of the Royal House of Chakri","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q93911"},{"text":"Order of Osmanieh","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1882991"},{"text":"1st class, Order of the Medjidie","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17518393"},{"text":"House Order of Hohenzollern","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q644621"},{"text":"Order of the Elephant","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q976544"}],"source":{"label":"Wikidata","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q134817#P166"}}],"office":null,"sections":[],"cited":[],"cited_from":null,"videos":[],"last_reviewed":null,"organizations":[],"same_as":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdul_Hamid_II","https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q134817"],"faq":[{"q":"When was Abdul Hamid II born?","a":"Abdul Hamid II was born on 21 September 1842 in Istanbul."},{"q":"What positions has Abdul Hamid II held?","a":"Positions held by Abdul Hamid II include: sultan of the Ottoman Empire (1876–1909)."}],"related":[{"name":"Suleiman the Magnificent","url":"https://diginpl.com/people/suleiman-the-magnificent"},{"name":"Mehmed II","url":"https://diginpl.com/people/mehmed-ii"},{"name":"Bayezid I","url":"https://diginpl.com/people/bayezid-i"},{"name":"Murad II","url":"https://diginpl.com/people/murad-ii"},{"name":"Ahmed I","url":"https://diginpl.com/people/ahmed-i"},{"name":"Murad I","url":"https://diginpl.com/people/murad-i"}],"places_in":[],"nearby":[],"image":{"url":"https://diginpl.com/kb-img/abdul-hamid-ii-d3984e9534.jpg","width":500,"height":572,"license":"Public domain","credit":"Unknown author Unknown author","page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Sultan_Abdul_Hamid_II_in_1899.jpg"},"sources":[{"label":"Wikipedia (English): Abdul Hamid II","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdul_Hamid_II","license":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/"},{"label":"Wikidata item Q134817","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q134817","license":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/"},{"label":"Image: Sultan Abdul Hamid II in 1899.jpg by Unknown author Unknown author (Public domain)","url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Sultan_Abdul_Hamid_II_in_1899.jpg","license":null}],"license":{"text":"CC BY-SA 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","facts":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/"},"attribution":"Text from the Wikipedia article Abdul Hamid II, licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0. This page's text is shared under the same licence. Facts from Wikidata (CC0). Image: Sultan Abdul Hamid II in 1899.jpg — Unknown author Unknown author, Public domain.","cite":"\"Abdul Hamid II\". DigiNepal. Last updated 3 November 2026. https://diginpl.com/people/abdul-hamid-ii. Retrieved 5 November 2026.","date_modified":"2026-11-03T07:02:53Z","facts_checked":"2026-11-04","alternates":{"html":"https://diginpl.com/people/abdul-hamid-ii","en":"https://diginpl.com/people/abdul-hamid-ii","ne":"https://diginpl.com/people/abdul-hamid-ii?lang=ne"}}