People

• Head of state or governmentMohammed Hamza ZubeidiMohammed Hamza al-Zubeidi was an Iraqi military officer and politician who served as the Prime Minister of Iraq from 1991 to 1993. He is on the "Saddam's Dirty Dozen" list of people responsible for torture and murder in Iraq, playing a key role in Iraq's brutal suppression of the 1991 Iraqi uprisings. He was featured in Iraqi news film kicking and beating captured rebels.
• Head of state or governmentMahmoud El Nokrashy PashaMahmoud Fahmy El Nokrashy Pasha was an Egyptian political figure. He was the twenty-seventh prime minister of the Kingdom of Egypt.
• Head of state or governmentKamal Hassan AliGeneral Kamal Hassan Ali was an Egyptian politician and military hero.
• Head of state or governmentYasin al-HashimiYasin al-Hashimi was an Iraqi military officer and politician who twice served as Prime Minister of Iraq. Like many of Iraq's early leaders, al-Hashimi served as a military officer during the Ottoman control of the country. He made his political debut under the government of his predecessor, Jafar al-Askari, and replaced him as prime minister shortly after, in August 1924. Al-Hashimi served for ten months before he was replaced, in turn by Abdul Muhsin al-Sa'dun. Over the next ten years he filled a variety of governmental positions finally returning to the office of prime minister in March 1935. On 30 October 1936, Hashimi became the first Iraqi prime minister to be deposed in a coup, which was led by General Bakr Sidqi and a coalition of ethnic minorities. Unlike al-Askari, who was then his minister of defense, al-Hashimi survived the coup and made his way to Beirut, Lebanon, where he died three months later. His older brother and close ally, Taha al-Hashimi, served as Prime Minister of Iraq in 1941.
• Head of state or governmentAli Abu Al-RaghebAli Abu al-Ragheb was a Jordanian civil engineer and politician who served as the 33rd Prime Minister of Jordan from 19 June 2000 until 25 October 2003. He resigned and was replaced by Faisal al-Fayez.
• Head of state or governmentAhmad ObeidatAhmad Abdul Majeed Obeidat was a Jordanian politician and senior member of the Obeidat family. He served as the 26th Prime Minister of Jordan from 10 January 1984 to 4 April 1985.
• Head of state or governmentAbdul Muhsin al-Sa'dunSir Abdul Muhsin al-Sa‘doun, KCMG was an Iraqi politician who served as Prime Minister of Iraq on four occasions between 1922 and 1929.
• SHead of state or governmentSalim bin ThuwainiSultan Salim bin Thuwaini Al Busaidi was the Sultan of Muscat and Oman from 11 February 1866 – October 1868. He was the eldest son of Sultan Thuwaini bin Said and his wife Sayyida Ghaliya bint Salim Al-Busaidiyah, and acceded to the throne in succession to his father. Lewis Pelly and Henry Bartle Frere were deeply disappointed by the death of Sultan Thuwaini bin Said in their hopes for a military action against the Wahhabis, and were well aware of Salim's opposing views and refusal to join the ensuing war. Hence the British Political Resident General in the Gulf at Bushehr, Colonel Lewis Pelly, fiercely opposed the recognition of Salim whom he feared was to stop foreign interference and forge a peace deal with the Wahhabis.
• SHead of state or governmentSaid bin Ahmad Al BusaidiSaid bin Ahmad was briefly the Imam of Oman, the second of the Al Bu Said dynasty, ruling the country between 1783 and 1786.
• SHead of state or governmentSultan bin AhmadSultan bin Ahmad al Busaidi was the Sultan of Oman, the fourth of the Al Bu Said dynasty, ruling the country between 1792 and 1804.
• MHead of state or governmentMr. GarrisonMr. Herbert Garrison is a fictional character and occasional antagonist featured in the American animated television series South Park, created by Matt Stone and Trey Parker. Garrison first appeared in South Park's pilot episode, "Cartman Gets an Anal Probe", which aired on August 13, 1997.
• Head of state or governmentAhmad Fuad MohieddinAhmad Fuad Mohieddin was the 42nd Prime Minister of Egypt from 2 January 1982 to 5 June 1984.
• Head of state or governmentCharles DebbasCharles Debbas was a Greek Orthodox Lebanese political figure. He was the first President of Lebanon and served from 1 September 1926 to 2 January 1934, under the French Mandate of Lebanon. He also served as the Speaker of the Parliament of Lebanon from January to October 1934.
• Head of state or governmentTahir YahyaTahir Yahya was Prime Minister of Iraq twice, from 1963 to 1965 and a short term in 1967 to 1968. He was educated at the Baghdad Military College and the Staff College. Born in Tikrit 1916, he was the 4th child to Mulla Yahya el-ogaily, a prominent tobacco merchant between North and Central Iraq. At the age of sixteen, he joined the Baghdad Teachers College, then became a teacher in Baghdad for one year after graduation. He then pursued further education in military sciences. He was a cavalry officer and played polo for the Iraqi army. He led the Iraqi armored company where he was wounded in the battle at the Kfar Masaryk, earning two medals bestowed by Crown Prince Abd al-Ilāh.
• Head of state or governmentTaha al-HashimiTaha al-Hashimi was an Iraqi politician and military officer, he served in the Ottoman army then the Iraqi army between 1906 and 1936, and as Prime Minister of Iraq in 1941.
• Head of state or governmentTawfik Abu Al-HudaTawfik Abu al-Huda served several terms as the 7th prime minister of Jordan. First he served as prime minister of Transjordan from September 28, 1938, to October 15, 1944, and he served another term from December 28, 1947, to April 12, 1950. Between July 25, 1951, and May 5, 1953, and from May 4, 1954, to May 30, 1955, he served as Prime Minister of Jordan. During his last term as prime minister, he tried to consolidate the power of King Hussein by holding parliamentary elections which many accused of being fraudulent. His terms are notable for the 1948 Arab-Israeli War, during which Transjordan conquered the West Bank, and the forced abdication of King Talal.
• Head of state or governmentAbd Al-Rahman Al-GillaniQutb-ul Aqtaab Naqib Al Ashraaf Syed Abd ar-Rahman al-Qadri al-Gillani was an Iraqi politician who served as the first prime minister of Iraq from 1920 to 1922. He was an important figure during the Ottoman and British Mandate eras of Iraq, and he had an important role in Iraqi politics.
• Head of state or governmentJaber II Al-SabahJaber II Al-Mubarak Al-Sabah,, was the eighth ruler of the Sheikhdom of Kuwait from the Al-Sabah dynasty. He was the eldest son of Mubarak Al-Sabah and is the ancestor of the Al-Jaber branch of the Al-Sabah family. He ruled the country from 28 November 1915 to his death on 5 February 1917 and was succeeded by his brother, Salim Al-Mubarak Al-Sabah.
• SHead of state or governmentSabah I bin JaberSheikh Abu Salman Sabah I bin Jaber Al Sabah was the first ruler of the Sheikhdom of Kuwait. He was chosen by his community for the position of sheikh.
• Head of state or governmentAli bin Abdullah Al ThaniAli bin Abdullah bin Jassim bin Mohammed Al Thani was the Emir of Qatar. Sheikh Ali was also the first Emir of Qatar to have traveled abroad, visiting India, Egypt, Europe, Lebanon and the Levant.
• Head of state or governmentAlfred NaqqacheAlfred Georges Naccache was a Lebanese statesman, Prime Minister and head of state during the French Mandate of Lebanon. In 1919 he contributed to La Revue Phénicienne which was established by Charles Corm in Beirut. He was serving as prime minister when he was appointed president by the French authorities after the resignation of Emile Edde. Pierre-Georges Arlabosse served as acting president for 6 days before Naccache assumed office. From 1953 to 1955 he served as foreign minister. The National Museum of Beirut was opened by him on 27 May 1942.
• Head of state or governmentSaeb SalamSaeb Salam was a Lebanese politician and za'im who served as Prime Minister six times between 1952 and 1973. Following his death, the Lebanese daily As-Safir described Salam as "most successful in dealing with the media and in presenting a particular image of himself to people on a daily basis through wearing his customary carnation ... and expounding unforgettable slogans", and that he was Lebanon's most popular prime minister after independence leader Riad Al Solh. A significant aspect of Salam was that, unlike other Lebanese leaders, he did not act as a chief over a particular area in the country. Salam fiercely advocated the unity of Lebanon.
• Head of state or governmentRachid SolhRachid Solh was a Lebanese politician and Prime Minister, kin of one of the most eminent Sunni Muslim families in the country several of whose members became prime ministers, and that was originally from Sidon but later moved its civil-records to Beirut.
• Head of state or governmentAdly Yakan PashaAdly Yeghen Pasha, was from the Yeghen/Yakan Family and a member of the Muhammed Ali Dynasty. He was sometimes referred to as Adly Pasha, was an Egyptian political figure. He served as the 14th prime minister of Egypt between 1921 and 1922, again between 1926 and 1927, and finally in 1929. He held several prominent political posts including foreign minister, interior minister and Speaker of the Egyptian Senate.
• Head of state or governmentİhsan Sabri Çağlayangilİhsan Sabri Çağlayangil was a Turkish politician and diplomat who served as Acting President of Turkey in 1980, from the Justice Party. He also served as Minister of Foreign Affairs three times in the 1960s and 1970s.
• Head of state or governmentMustafa FahmiMustafa Fahmi Pasha was an Egyptian military officer and politician who served as the prime minister of Egypt for two times.
• Head of state or governmentAly Maher PashaAly Maher Pasha was an Egyptian political figure during the parliamentary era. He was the brother of Ahmad Maher and the great-uncle to Ali Maher El Sayed.
• Head of state or governmentEzzedine SalimEzzedine Salim, also known as Abdelzahra Othman Mohammed, was an Iraqi politician, author, educator, Islamist theorist and one of the leading members of the Iraqi Dawa Movement between 1980 and 2004. He served as the President of the Governing Council of Iraq for sixteen days in 2004.
• Head of state or governmentNaji TalibNaji Talib was an Iraqi politician who served as the prime minister of Iraq from 1966 to 1967, replacing Abd ar-Rahman al-Bazzaz.
• Head of state or governmentHabib Pacha SaadHabib Bacha El-Saad was a Lebanese Maronite politician who was born in Ain Traz, Aley District. He served as the Speaker of the Parliament of Lebanon from May 1922 to October 1923. Initially the 3rd Prime Minister of Lebanon from August 10, 1928 to May 9, 1929 he was named President under the French Mandate on January 30, 1934 and served in this capacity to January 20, 1936.
• Head of state or governmentHussein KhalidiHussein Fakhri Khalidi was a Palestinian politician and physician. He served as mayor of Jerusalem from 1935 to 1937, minister of health of Palestine in 1948, minister of foreign affairs of Jordan from 1953 to 1954 and again in 1956 and was the 13th Prime Minister of Jordan in 1957.
• AHead of state or governmentAhmad bin Said al-BusaidiAhmad bin Said al-Busaidi was the first ruler of Oman of the Al Bu Said dynasty. He came to power during the Omani Civil War and when the Persians had occupied large parts of the country. During his long rule as Imam, the country prospered and regained its leading position in the Persian Gulf.
• HHead of state or governmentHamad bin SaidHamad bin Said was ruler of Oman, the third of the Al Bu Said dynasty, ruling the country between 1786 and 1792.
• AHead of state or governmentAzzan bin QaisImam Azzan bin Qais was the Imam of Oman between 1868 and 1871. He deposed his cousin, Salim bin Thuwaini, and declared a short-lived Ibadi imamate in Oman. Opposing Saudi interference in the Buraimi Oasis, he fought and lost against Salim's uncle, Sayyid Turki bin Said, at the Battle of Dhank in October 1869, before being killed in battle at Muttrah in January 1871.
• AHead of state or governmentAbdul Razzaq an-NaifAbdul Razzaq Said al-Naif was an Iraqi military officer and politician who briefly served as the Prime Minister of Iraq in July 1968 until he was deposed in the same month of that year. He was assassinated in 1978 under the orders of Saddam Hussein.
• Head of state or governmentAdnan PachachiAdnan Muzahim Ameen al-Pachachi, better known as Adnan Pachachi, was an Iraqi politician and statesman who served as Iraq's Permanent Representative to the United Nations and foreign minister (1965–1967).
• Head of state or governmentAuguste Adib PachaAuguste Adib Pacha was the first Prime Minister of Lebanon, which at the time was under the French mandate of Greater Lebanon. He served in that capacity twice between 1926 and 1932.
• Head of state or governmentFaisal Al-FayezFaisal Akef Al-Fayez is a Jordanian politician who was the 34th Prime Minister of Jordan from 25 October 2003 to 6 March 2005. Additionally, Al-Fayez is the only person in Jordanian history who was a Prime Minister, President of the Senate, President of the House of Representatives, and Head of the Royal Hashemite Court. He took office following the resignation of Ali Abu al-Ragheb. He previously served as Minister of Defense and is very close to King Abdullah II.
• Head of state or governmentAbdelraouf RawabdehAbdelraouf Salem Nahar al-Rawabdeh is a Jordanian retired politician who served as the 32nd Prime Minister of Jordan from 4 March 1999 until 19 June 2000, a leading political figure from the northern city of Irbid in Jordan.
• Head of state or governmentRiyad PashaMostafa Riyad Pasha GCMG was a Circassian-Eygptian statesman. His name can also be spelled Mostāfā Riāḍ Bāshā. He served as Prime Minister of Egypt three times during his career. His first term was between September 21, 1879 and September 10, 1881. His second term was from June 9, 1888 to May 12, 1891. His final term lasted from January 17, 1893 to April 16, 1894.

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