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  "title": "Inside one of the world’s fastest supercomputers",
  "title_translations": {
    "ne": "संसारको सबैभन्दा छिटो सुपर कम्प्युटरहरू मध्ये एक भित्र"
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  "description": "Inside one of the world’s fastest supercomputers  BBC News   BBC News",
  "language": "en",
  "published": "2026-10-09T15:13:38Z",
  "duration_seconds": 383,
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      "title": "Air Conditioned Chillers",
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    {
      "start": 0.73,
      "end": 7.73,
      "text": "Stunning Lakeside views and postcard perfect scenery."
    },
    {
      "start": 8.84,
      "end": 12.84,
      "text": "Lugano is tucked into Switzerland's southernmost canton."
    },
    {
      "start": 14.84,
      "end": 17.367,
      "text": "But aside from its beautiful landscape,"
    },
    {
      "start": 17.367,
      "end": 20.607,
      "text": "there's one other jewel in the crown of this Swiss"
    },
    {
      "start": 20.607,
      "end": 21.84,
      "text": "Mediterranean city."
    },
    {
      "start": 23.84,
      "end": 25.84,
      "text": "Computation of power."
    },
    {
      "start": 27.84,
      "end": 32.84,
      "text": "This is the home of Alps, not the mountains, but a different kind of giant."
    },
    {
      "start": 33.84,
      "end": 36.79,
      "text": "One of the world's most advanced supercomputers."
    },
    {
      "start": 36.79,
      "end": 40.95,
      "text": "It's the latest generation of high performance computing."
    },
    {
      "start": 40.95,
      "end": 42.51,
      "text": "Imagine you have your laptop."
    },
    {
      "start": 42.51,
      "end": 48.07,
      "text": "But now imagine that you have 10,000 or 20,000 of those laptops."
    },
    {
      "start": 48.07,
      "end": 51.59,
      "text": "So here we look at extremely capable processors"
    },
    {
      "start": 51.59,
      "end": 53.63,
      "text": "that are more capable than your laptop processor"
    },
    {
      "start": 53.63,
      "end": 56.39,
      "text": "and we're looking at nearly 11,000 of those."
    },
    {
      "start": 56.39,
      "end": 58.63,
      "text": "That's a supercomputing center. Wow."
    },
    {
      "start": 58.63,
      "end": 64.23,
      "text": "But such power comes at a cost, hate and a lot of it."
    },
    {
      "start": 64.4,
      "end": 70.24,
      "text": "This isn't your average data center full of noisy fans and air conditioned chillers."
    },
    {
      "start": 70.24,
      "end": 72.807,
      "text": "Instead, what's impressive about this"
    },
    {
      "start": 72.807,
      "end": 75.097,
      "text": "place isn't just its brain power,"
    },
    {
      "start": 75.097,
      "end": 76.0,
      "text": "it's how it's"
    },
    {
      "start": 76.0,
      "end": 81.12,
      "text": "rum, built not only for speed but also sustainability."
    },
    {
      "start": 81.12,
      "end": 83.606,
      "text": "Alps draws from the same source that has"
    },
    {
      "start": 83.606,
      "end": 86.28,
      "text": "sustained Switzerland for millennia, glacial"
    },
    {
      "start": 86.28,
      "end": 87.28,
      "text": "water."
    },
    {
      "start": 87.28,
      "end": 91.96,
      "text": "\"When you think of supercomputers, you don't necessarily think of pipes and pumps.\""
    },
    {
      "start": 91.99,
      "end": 93.59,
      "text": "What is happening in here?"
    },
    {
      "start": 93.59,
      "end": 98.67,
      "text": "So supercomputers burn tens of megawatts."
    },
    {
      "start": 98.67,
      "end": 103.31,
      "text": "And so that turns into heat that you have to somehow remove."
    },
    {
      "start": 103.31,
      "end": 107.91,
      "text": "And so the setup we have here is we take water from the lake."
    },
    {
      "start": 107.91,
      "end": 110.83,
      "text": "And this is the big pipe coming in."
    },
    {
      "start": 110.83,
      "end": 115.27,
      "text": "And then this water goes into a heat exchanger"
    },
    {
      "start": 115.27,
      "end": 118.83,
      "text": "where the water stays in the center."
    },
    {
      "start": 119.81,
      "end": 122.979,
      "text": "The centre typically cools around 10 to 15"
    },
    {
      "start": 122.979,
      "end": 126.45,
      "text": "megawatts, but has the capacity to go up to 25."
    },
    {
      "start": 127.57,
      "end": 132.37,
      "text": "Water from Lake Logano is drawn in, where it's typically 7 degrees Celsius."
    },
    {
      "start": 133.09,
      "end": 136.69,
      "text": "Once used to cool the vast array of technical infrastructure,"
    },
    {
      "start": 136.69,
      "end": 140.77,
      "text": "it goes back to the lake around 15 to 20 degrees Celsius."
    },
    {
      "start": 140.77,
      "end": 144.77,
      "text": "The inherent problems that we have is we need water for cooling."
    },
    {
      "start": 145.51,
      "end": 148.79,
      "text": "and we need electricity to power the machines."
    },
    {
      "start": 148.79,
      "end": 151.55,
      "text": "The two don't go well if something happens."
    },
    {
      "start": 151.55,
      "end": 154.63,
      "text": "And this is why we are on the raised floor"
    },
    {
      "start": 154.63,
      "end": 157.63,
      "text": "and so should something happen,"
    },
    {
      "start": 157.63,
      "end": 161.39,
      "text": "you know, some pipe breaks or so and water comes out,"
    },
    {
      "start": 161.39,
      "end": 163.51,
      "text": "it will be collected here"
    },
    {
      "start": 163.51,
      "end": 168.31,
      "text": "and then this is really separated into different sectors"
    },
    {
      "start": 168.31,
      "end": 171.51,
      "text": "so that the water damage over here doesn't move."
    },
    {
      "start": 171.65,
      "end": 172.65,
      "text": "on the other side."
    },
    {
      "start": 173.85,
      "end": 176.65,
      "text": "One level above, the pipes may be smaller,"
    },
    {
      "start": 176.65,
      "end": 180.65,
      "text": "but water is still very much at the heart of the supercomputer centre."
    },
    {
      "start": 180.65,
      "end": 186.65,
      "text": "Each of the 2,688 blades has a blue and red pipe,"
    },
    {
      "start": 186.65,
      "end": 190.65,
      "text": "colour-coded to avoid confusion during planned maintenance."
    },
    {
      "start": 191.65,
      "end": 194.65,
      "text": "So this is the inside of one of these blades,"
    },
    {
      "start": 194.65,
      "end": 196.65,
      "text": "one of these many blades in this system."
    },
    {
      "start": 196.65,
      "end": 198.65,
      "text": "What are we looking at here? OK."
    },
    {
      "start": 199.78,
      "end": 203.253,
      "text": "Here you have a grays and a hopper"
    },
    {
      "start": 203.253,
      "end": 207.339,
      "text": "processor, so a multicore CPU and a GPU,"
    },
    {
      "start": 207.339,
      "end": 208.26,
      "text": "H100 GPU."
    },
    {
      "start": 208.26,
      "end": 211.581,
      "text": "And they are of course consuming a lot of power,"
    },
    {
      "start": 211.581,
      "end": 215.94,
      "text": "so that's why the liquid cooling goes directly on the processor."
    },
    {
      "start": 215.94,
      "end": 220.22,
      "text": "So that's what these copper pipes here are."
    },
    {
      "start": 220.22,
      "end": 226.06,
      "text": "Where the cold water comes in here, is distributed, and then comes in..."
    },
    {
      "start": 226.15,
      "end": 232.15,
      "text": "the warm water goes out back into the data center."
    },
    {
      "start": 233.15,
      "end": 236.15,
      "text": "By crunching vast amounts of environmental data,"
    },
    {
      "start": 236.15,
      "end": 240.15,
      "text": "Alps helps forecast sea level rise, glacial retreat"
    },
    {
      "start": 240.15,
      "end": 244.15,
      "text": "and extreme weather events on a global scale."
    },
    {
      "start": 244.15,
      "end": 250.15,
      "text": "AI is basically you're building a predictive model based on data."
    },
    {
      "start": 250.15,
      "end": 253.15,
      "text": "So you could, for example, increase computationally"
    },
    {
      "start": 254.22,
      "end": 256.46,
      "text": "the level of CO2 in the atmosphere."
    },
    {
      "start": 256.46,
      "end": 257.66,
      "text": "What happens then?"
    },
    {
      "start": 257.66,
      "end": 259.38,
      "text": "What you can now do with those simulations"
    },
    {
      "start": 259.38,
      "end": 261.18,
      "text": "is you can take your little understanding"
    },
    {
      "start": 261.18,
      "end": 262.86,
      "text": "of reflective properties,"
    },
    {
      "start": 262.86,
      "end": 265.14,
      "text": "but you can now scale it up to the whole planet."
    },
    {
      "start": 265.14,
      "end": 268.34,
      "text": "So these are all things that are not easy to understand,"
    },
    {
      "start": 268.34,
      "end": 270.7,
      "text": "but you can run it in massive simulations,"
    },
    {
      "start": 270.7,
      "end": 271.9,
      "text": "like on this machine."
    },
    {
      "start": 271.96,
      "end": 274.96,
      "text": "Not far from Alps is the Condra Dam."
    },
    {
      "start": 274.96,
      "end": 280.96,
      "text": "It's the fourth tallest dam in Switzerland, standing at 220 metres high."
    },
    {
      "start": 280.96,
      "end": 283.129,
      "text": "It's source, the Verzasca River,"
    },
    {
      "start": 283.129,
      "end": 286.857,
      "text": "which is heavily influenced by rain and snowfall in the"
    },
    {
      "start": 286.857,
      "end": 288.96,
      "text": "surrounding mountainous region."
    },
    {
      "start": 289.96,
      "end": 294.021,
      "text": "This valley is famous for its extreme precipitation"
    },
    {
      "start": 294.021,
      "end": 297.844,
      "text": "events, so it holds some of the world records of"
    },
    {
      "start": 297.844,
      "end": 298.96,
      "text": "precipitation."
    },
    {
      "start": 299.65,
      "end": 303.375,
      "text": "What we are doing, we are using the supercomputer"
    },
    {
      "start": 303.375,
      "end": 306.416,
      "text": "ops in Switzerland and on global climate"
    },
    {
      "start": 306.416,
      "end": 307.33,
      "text": "simulations."
    },
    {
      "start": 307.97,
      "end": 312.77,
      "text": "One of the models aims to predict the impacts of rising CO2 levels on the planet."
    },
    {
      "start": 313.57,
      "end": 316.698,
      "text": "They do this by performing a series of tests"
    },
    {
      "start": 316.698,
      "end": 319.969,
      "text": "replicated on a worldwide scale to see how the"
    },
    {
      "start": 319.969,
      "end": 321.25,
      "text": "atmosphere reacts."
    },
    {
      "start": 321.57,
      "end": 325.57,
      "text": "If you sort of think of the Earth, we have millions of..."
    },
    {
      "start": 325.62,
      "end": 328.06,
      "text": "We have grid points or locations where we"
    },
    {
      "start": 328.06,
      "end": 330.62,
      "text": "actually sample the environmental conditions"
    },
    {
      "start": 330.62,
      "end": 332.62,
      "text": "like temperature, wind and so on."
    },
    {
      "start": 332.62,
      "end": 336.62,
      "text": "And then we have to go up in altitude, 150 levels."
    },
    {
      "start": 336.62,
      "end": 340.62,
      "text": "And then we have millions, millions of computations."
    },
    {
      "start": 340.62,
      "end": 346.62,
      "text": "It's basically impossible to run on a normal computer."
    },
    {
      "start": 346.62,
      "end": 352.18,
      "text": "In a world facing both data overload and environmental crisis, Alps"
    },
    {
      "start": 352.18,
      "end": 356.26,
      "text": "is a chance for technology and nature to work together,"
    },
    {
      "start": 356.26,
      "end": 359.94,
      "text": "setting a standard for how supercomputers stay cool"
    },
    {
      "start": 359.94,
      "end": 361.69,
      "text": "without heating the planet."
    }
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  "transcript_note": "Automatic speech recognition of the video's own audio; may contain mistakes.",
  "license_note": "Cite the DigiNepal URL and the credited source, if any."
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