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Diabetes mellitus

General health information, not a diagnosis. In an emergency, call 102. Always consult a qualified health professional.

SmartAnalysis by DigiNepal SI

Diabetes, also known as diabetes mellitus, is a disease in which your blood glucose, or blood sugar, levels are too high. Glucose is your body's main source of energy. Your body can make glucose, but it also comes from the food you eat. generated by SI from cited sources · general information, not a diagnosis · consult a health professional

Sources: SI, NLM MedlinePlus, CDC, WHO (paraphrased) · Reference · https://medlineplus.gov/diabetes.html; https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/; https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/diabetes; https://www.mayoclinic.org/search/search-results?q=Diabetes%20mellitus; Guideline: ADA Standards of Care 2025; https://edcd.gov.np

What it is

Diabetes, also known as diabetes mellitus, is a disease in which your blood glucose, or blood sugar, levels are too high. Glucose is your body's main source of energy. Your body can make glucose, but it also comes from the food you eat.

Sources: SI, NLM MedlinePlus, CDC, WHO (paraphrased) · Reference · MedlinePlus (US NLM) · US CDC · World Health Organization (WHO) · Mayo Clinic · EDCD — Epidemiology & Disease Control Division (Nepal)

Symptoms

Often none early. Thirst, passing urine often, tiredness, blurred vision, slow-healing sores, weight loss.

Sources: SI, NLM MedlinePlus, CDC, WHO (paraphrased) · Reference · MedlinePlus (US NLM) · US CDC · World Health Organization (WHO) · Mayo Clinic · EDCD — Epidemiology & Disease Control Division (Nepal)

Causes

The body does not make or use insulin well. Risks: family history, overweight, physical inactivity, unhealthy diet, older age, history of diabetes in pregnancy.

Sources: SI, NLM MedlinePlus, CDC, WHO (paraphrased) · Reference · MedlinePlus (US NLM) · US CDC · World Health Organization (WHO) · Mayo Clinic · EDCD — Epidemiology & Disease Control Division (Nepal)

When to seek care

EMERGENCY, go now: vomiting with belly pain, deep fast breathing, fruity breath, drowsiness or confusion (possible ketoacidosis), or very low sugar with sweating, shaking and confusion. See a clinician for regular check-ups and if readings stay high.

Sources: SI, NLM MedlinePlus, CDC, WHO (paraphrased) · Reference · MedlinePlus (US NLM) · US CDC · World Health Organization (WHO) · Mayo Clinic · EDCD — Epidemiology & Disease Control Division (Nepal)

Diagnosis

Fasting plasma glucose, HbA1c or oral glucose tolerance test, confirmed by a repeat test.

Sources: SI, NLM MedlinePlus, CDC, WHO (paraphrased) · Reference · MedlinePlus (US NLM) · US CDC · World Health Organization (WHO) · Mayo Clinic · EDCD — Epidemiology & Disease Control Division (Nepal)

Care & treatment

Healthy eating, regular activity, weight control, medicines or insulin prescribed by a clinician, and regular eye, foot, kidney and blood pressure checks. No dosing information is given here.

Sources: SI, NLM MedlinePlus, CDC, WHO (paraphrased) · Reference · MedlinePlus (US NLM) · US CDC · World Health Organization (WHO) · Mayo Clinic · EDCD — Epidemiology & Disease Control Division (Nepal)

Prevention

Healthy weight, at least 150 minutes of activity a week, less sugar and refined rice, no tobacco, regular screening after 40.

Sources: SI, NLM MedlinePlus, CDC, WHO (paraphrased) · Reference · MedlinePlus (US NLM) · US CDC · World Health Organization (WHO) · Mayo Clinic · EDCD — Epidemiology & Disease Control Division (Nepal)

Nepal notes

Rising fast in Nepal, especially in cities; screening is part of the PEN (Package of Essential Non-communicable disease) programme at health facilities.

Sources: SI, NLM MedlinePlus, CDC, WHO (paraphrased) · Reference · MedlinePlus (US NLM) · US CDC · World Health Organization (WHO) · Mayo Clinic · EDCD — Epidemiology & Disease Control Division (Nepal)

Clinical guideline

ADA Standards of Care 2025

Sources: SI, NLM MedlinePlus, CDC, WHO (paraphrased) · Reference · MedlinePlus (US NLM) · US CDC · World Health Organization (WHO) · Mayo Clinic · EDCD — Epidemiology & Disease Control Division (Nepal)

⚠️ Red-flag signs — seek urgent care

📞 Call 102

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Text: SI summary in its own words (CC BY 4.0) with NLM MedlinePlus public-domain summary; facts checked against WHO fact sheets (CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO, paraphrased with attribution) and Mayo Clinic (linked reference only, no text used); ICD-10 and labels from Wikidata (CC0).

Emergency — call📞 102