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Chronic kidney disease

General health information, not a diagnosis. In an emergency, call 102. Always consult a qualified health professional.

SmartAnalysis by DigiNepal SI

You have two kidneys, each about the size of your fist. Their main job is to filter your blood. They remove wastes and extra water, which become urine. generated by SI from cited sources · general information, not a diagnosis · consult a health professional

Sources: SI, NLM MedlinePlus, CDC · Reference · https://medlineplus.gov/chronickidneydisease.html; https://www.cdc.gov/kidney-disease/; https://www.mayoclinic.org/search/search-results?q=Chronic%20kidney%20disease; Guideline: KDIGO 2024; https://edcd.gov.np

What it is

You have two kidneys, each about the size of your fist. Their main job is to filter your blood. They remove wastes and extra water, which become urine.

Sources: SI, NLM MedlinePlus, CDC · Reference · MedlinePlus (US NLM) · US CDC · Mayo Clinic · EDCD — Epidemiology & Disease Control Division (Nepal)

Symptoms

Often none until advanced; swelling, tiredness, less urine, itching, breathlessness.

Sources: SI, NLM MedlinePlus, CDC · Reference · MedlinePlus (US NLM) · US CDC · Mayo Clinic · EDCD — Epidemiology & Disease Control Division (Nepal)

Causes

Long-term kidney damage, most often from diabetes and high blood pressure.

Sources: SI, NLM MedlinePlus, CDC · Reference · MedlinePlus (US NLM) · US CDC · Mayo Clinic · EDCD — Epidemiology & Disease Control Division (Nepal)

When to seek care

EMERGENCY, go now: very little urine, severe breathlessness, confusion. See a clinician for yearly kidney tests if you have diabetes or high blood pressure.

Sources: SI, NLM MedlinePlus, CDC · Reference · MedlinePlus (US NLM) · US CDC · Mayo Clinic · EDCD — Epidemiology & Disease Control Division (Nepal)

Diagnosis

eGFR blood test and urine albumin (ACR), repeated over 3 months; kidney ultrasound.

Sources: SI, NLM MedlinePlus, CDC · Reference · MedlinePlus (US NLM) · US CDC · Mayo Clinic · EDCD — Epidemiology & Disease Control Division (Nepal)

Care & treatment

Control of blood pressure and sugar, medicines, diet advice; dialysis or transplant for kidney failure. No dosing information is given here.

Sources: SI, NLM MedlinePlus, CDC · Reference · MedlinePlus (US NLM) · US CDC · Mayo Clinic · EDCD — Epidemiology & Disease Control Division (Nepal)

Prevention

Control diabetes and blood pressure, avoid unnecessary painkillers.

Sources: SI, NLM MedlinePlus, CDC · Reference · MedlinePlus (US NLM) · US CDC · Mayo Clinic · EDCD — Epidemiology & Disease Control Division (Nepal)

Nepal notes

Free dialysis is provided for kidney failure under the Government of Nepal's programme.

Sources: SI, NLM MedlinePlus, CDC · Reference · MedlinePlus (US NLM) · US CDC · Mayo Clinic · EDCD — Epidemiology & Disease Control Division (Nepal)

Clinical guideline

KDIGO 2024

Sources: SI, NLM MedlinePlus, CDC · Reference · MedlinePlus (US NLM) · US CDC · Mayo Clinic · EDCD — Epidemiology & Disease Control Division (Nepal)

⚠️ Red-flag signs — seek urgent care

📞 Call 102

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Text: SI summary in its own words (CC BY 4.0) with NLM MedlinePlus public-domain summary; facts checked against WHO fact sheets (CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO, paraphrased with attribution) and Mayo Clinic (linked reference only, no text used); ICD-10 and labels from Wikidata (CC0).

Emergency — call📞 102